Exodus of Ethnic Macedonians from Greece and Juan de Salcedo: Difference between pages
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'''Juan de Salcedo''' ([[1549]] – [[March 11]], [[1576]]), was a [[Spain|Spanish]] [[conquistador]]. |
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{{Ethnic Macedonians}} |
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'''The exodus of ethnic Macedonians from Greece''', ({{lang-mk|''Егзодус на етничките Македонци од Грција ''}})<ref>[http://www.osservatoriobalcani.org/article/articleview/9969/1/216/]</ref> refers to the group of Ethnic Macedonians who were evacuated and/or fled the [[Greek Civil War]] in the years 1945 to 1949. The bulk of these were Refugee children, ({{lang-mk|''Деца бегалци''}}) whose parents were fighting with the [[Democratic Army of Greece]] and the [[Communist Party of Greece]]. Of the estimated 100,000 Macedonians expelled from Greece it is estimated that between 28,000 and 32,000 children were evacuated from the Civil War<ref>[http://www.gate.net/~mango/Kimlika.html]</ref>. Many partisans and other Ethnic Macedonians were also expelled or fled following the collapse of the [[Democratic Army of Greece]]. |
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Born in [[Mexico]] in 1549, he was the grandson of [[Miguel López de Legazpi]], and brother of [[Felipe de Salcedo]]. Salcedo one of the soldiers who accompanied the Spanish conquest of the [[Philippine Islands]] in 1565. He joined the Spanish military in 1564 for their exploration of the [[East Indies]], at the age of 15. In 1569, Salcedo led an army of 300 soldiers along with [[Martín de Goiti]] for the conquest of [[Manila]]. There they fought a number of battles against the Muslim chieftains in 1570 and 1571, for control of lands and settlements. |
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Salcedo later explored the northern regions of the Philippines with a small force of 45 soldiers in the late periods of 1571, where he traveled most of [[Ilocos Sur]] and [[Luzon]] island and founded several Spanish Cities. |
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==Background== |
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In 1574, Salcedo went back to the city of Manila, after a war had broken out against 3,000 Chinese sea [[Piracy|pirates]] led by [[Limahong]] who had besieged the Spanish settlements. Salcedo and his army of 600 soldiers re-captured the city later that year and pursued the retreating Chinese fleet to [[Pangasinan]] in 1575. There the Spaniards besiege on the pirates for three months. Limahong and his fleets were later captured and executed. |
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Pro-communist sentiment had been brewing in Greece since the First World War this significantly increased during the repressive [[Metaxas ragime]]. During the Second World War many people in [[Greek Macedonia]] joined or sympathized with the [[Communist Party of Greece]]. The majority of these people were [[Greeks]] or [[Ethnic Macedonians]]. An armed wing was soon formed it was called the [[Democratic Army of Greece]], this was followed by an Ethnic Macedonian organisation the [[SNOF|Slavic-Macedonian National Liberation Front (SNOF)]] ({{lang-mk|Славјано Македонски Народно Ослободителен Фронт (СНОФ)}}, [[Transliteration of Macedonian|Latinic]]: ''Slavjano Мakedonski Narodno Osloboditelen Front (SNOF)'') which fought for the Communist Party of Greece. This organisation operated from 1943 to 1945. Other people also joinecd the [[Greek People's Liberation Army]] or collaborative pro-axis organisations such as [[Ohrana]]. The [[National Liberation Front (Greece)]] with the help of the [[Communist party of Greece helped to expell the German invaders. By 1945 the [[Second World War]] had ended and Greece was in open civil war. It has been estimated that after the end of the Second World War over 40,000 people fled from Greece to Yugoslavia. The struggle between the Greek People's Liberation Army and the Greek Communist Party (KKE) had escalated and these two movements soon became the main contenders for being post-war victors. |
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Salcedo later went back to [[Vigan City|Vigan]], where he died of a malignant [[fever]] in his home, at the age of 27. His body is laid to rest at the [[San Agustin Church]] in [[Intramuros]]. |
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==Civil War== |
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== See also == |
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Many Aegean Macedonians joined the struggle on the side of the [[Greek Communist Party]] and a succesor organisation to SNOF was founded. The [[National Liberation Front (Macedonia)|National Liberation Front]] was founded by Ethnic Macedonians. Backing from the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] and the [[Socialist People's Republic of Albania]] helped the [[Democratic Army of Greece]] (DSE) to continue their struggle. The DSE heavily recruited Ethnic Macedonians from the Greek region of Macedonia. It has been estimated that out of DSE's 20,000 fighters, 14,000 were [[Slavic Macedonians]] from Greek Macedonia.<ref>Ζαούσης Αλέξανδρος. ''Η Τραγική αναμέτρηση, 1945-1949 – Ο μύθος και η αλήθεια'' (ISBN 9607213432).</ref> Given their important role in the battle<ref>[http://macedonian.atspace.com/doc/nz_govor.htm Speech presented by Nikos Zachariadis at the Second Congress of the NOF (National Liberation Front of the ethnic Macedonians from Greek Macedonia)], published in ''Σαράντα Χρόνια του ΚΚΕ 1918-1958'', Athens, 1958, p. 575.</ref>, KKE changed its policy towards them. At the fifth Plenum of KKE on January 31 1949, a resolution was passed declaring that after KKE's victory, the Slavic Macedonians would find their national restoration within a united greek state.<ref>KKE Official documents,vol 8 </ref>. Although the Ethnic Macedonians had made a critical contribution to the war effort of KKE<ref>"Incompatible Allies: Greek Communism and Macedonian Nationalism in the Civil War in Greece, 1943-1949. Andrew Rossos", The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 69, No. 1 (Mar., 1997) ([http://www.jstor.org/?config=jstor&K=user%40user_response%2F41mAX8Pa9m4NhF4jYW%2F40%2F4kmA29x0%2F300222801.di982537.98p0609d.0%2F2qtqkHSrnkCNDeX7Pt.UVO&cookieSet=1 p. 42])</ref> their contribution was not enough to turn the tide. |
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*[[History of the Philippines]] |
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*Morga , Antonio de. (2004). ''The Project Gutenberg Edition Book : History of the Philippine Islands - 1521 to the beginning of the XVII century''. Volume 1 and 2. |
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*Legazpi , Don Miguel López de. (1564 - 1572). ''Cartas al Rey Don Felipe II : sobre la expedicion, conquistas y progresos de las islas Felipinas''. Sevilla, España. |
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==The tide turns== |
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==External links== |
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By the spring of 1947 the communist forces controlled much of the Greek countryside but had yet to achieve significant cupport in the cities. Many people believed that socialism was the only option for them and did not wish to live under a non-communist Greece. Many people began to leave Greece and take their children with them, This process included both Greeks and Ethnic Macedonians. Eventually many people began to flee from Greece or were expelled by the ensuing DSE. By 1948 the pro-Tito forces in the National Liberation Front had fled to Yugoslavia despite this Ethnic Macedonians continued to make up over 30% of the KKE's fighting force.{{lower| <ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite book |
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*[http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/rubens/12/damaso.htm Salcedo - The Founder of Vigan] (Article) |
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|title= Macedonia Its Disputed History |
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|last= Simpson |
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|first= Neil |
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|authorlink= |
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|coauthors= |
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|year= 1994 |
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|publisher= Aristoc Press |
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|location= Victoria |
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|isbn= 0646204629 |
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|pages= 91}} </ref>}} In the ensuing aftermath the ELAS began to consolidate its control on Greek Macedonian. Many villages were destroyed in the fighting and the displaced villagers often fled the country through Albania and onto Yugoslavia. One case is the village of Babčor in the [[Kastoria]] region which was eliminated by US bombers in 1948 thus displacing hundreds of people.{{lower|<ref name=autogenerated5>Peter,Hill. (1989) The Macedonians in Australia, Hesperian Press, Carlisle, page 32</ref>}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Salcedo, Juan de}} |
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[[Category:1549 births]] |
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[[Category:1576 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Spanish explorers and conquistadores]] |
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[[Category:People of Spanish colonial Philippines]] |
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[[Category:Colonial Mexico]] |
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[[Category:City founders]] |
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[[Category:16th century Spanish people]] |
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[[Category:16th-century explorers]] |
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[[de:Juan de Salcedo]] |
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==Deca Begalci== |
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[[es:Juan de Salcedo]] |
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[[lt:Juan de Salcedo]] |
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[[Image:Begalci.jpg|right|150px|thumb|Children Refugees fleeing across the border]] |
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On March 4th 1948, "Radio Free Greece" announced that all children under the age of 15 would be evacuated from areas under communist control. The older women were instructed to take the children across the border to Yugoslavia and Albania, while the younger women took to the hills with the partisans. It is estimated that 8,000 children left the Kastoria area in the ensuing weeks. <ref name=autogenerated5>Peter,Hill. (1989) The Macedonians in Australia, Hesperian Press, Carlisle, page 30</ref> Thousands of Greek, Ethnic Macedonian and Aromanian children were evacuated from the Areas under communist control. They are now known as the '''Decata Begalci''' ({{lang-mk|''Децата бегалци''}}) or the Refugee Children<ref>[http://books.google.com.au/books?id=48NyoQdOWH0C&pg=PA271&lpg=PA271&dq=deca+begalci&source=web&ots=zTRYq4gIoC&sig=kiNrDYHajPQ1RxMwP7bq3SBIWBU&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result]</ref>. It is estimated that from 28,000 children to 32,000 children were evacuated in the years 1948 and 1949.<ref>Minority Rights Group, ''Minorities in the Balkans'', p. 31</ref> Many of these children were spread throughout the countries of the Eastern Bloc by 1950 there were 5,132 children in Romania, 4,148 in Czechoslovakia, 3,590 in Poland, 2,859 in Hungary and 672 had been evacuated to Bulgaria.<ref>[http://faq.macedonia.org/history/12.1.3.html 1996 figures]</ref> |
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{{reflist|1}} |
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Revision as of 04:41, 11 October 2008
Juan de Salcedo (1549 – March 11, 1576), was a Spanish conquistador.
Born in Mexico in 1549, he was the grandson of Miguel López de Legazpi, and brother of Felipe de Salcedo. Salcedo one of the soldiers who accompanied the Spanish conquest of the Philippine Islands in 1565. He joined the Spanish military in 1564 for their exploration of the East Indies, at the age of 15. In 1569, Salcedo led an army of 300 soldiers along with Martín de Goiti for the conquest of Manila. There they fought a number of battles against the Muslim chieftains in 1570 and 1571, for control of lands and settlements.
Salcedo later explored the northern regions of the Philippines with a small force of 45 soldiers in the late periods of 1571, where he traveled most of Ilocos Sur and Luzon island and founded several Spanish Cities.
In 1574, Salcedo went back to the city of Manila, after a war had broken out against 3,000 Chinese sea pirates led by Limahong who had besieged the Spanish settlements. Salcedo and his army of 600 soldiers re-captured the city later that year and pursued the retreating Chinese fleet to Pangasinan in 1575. There the Spaniards besiege on the pirates for three months. Limahong and his fleets were later captured and executed.
Salcedo later went back to Vigan, where he died of a malignant fever in his home, at the age of 27. His body is laid to rest at the San Agustin Church in Intramuros.
See also
References
- Morga , Antonio de. (2004). The Project Gutenberg Edition Book : History of the Philippine Islands - 1521 to the beginning of the XVII century. Volume 1 and 2.
- Legazpi , Don Miguel López de. (1564 - 1572). Cartas al Rey Don Felipe II : sobre la expedicion, conquistas y progresos de las islas Felipinas. Sevilla, España.
External links
- Salcedo - The Founder of Vigan (Article)