Helanthium tenellum: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m fixed dashes using a script
creation of page
Line 8: Line 8:
|ordo = [[Alismatales]]
|ordo = [[Alismatales]]
|familia = [[Alismataceae]]
|familia = [[Alismataceae]]
|genus = ''[[Echinodorus]]''
|genus = ''[[Helanthium ]]''
|species = '''''E. tenellus'''''
|species = '''''H. tenellum'''''
|binomial = ''Echinodorus tenellus''
|binomial = ''Helanthium tenellum''
|binomial_authority = (Martius) Buchenau in Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 2:21, 1869
|binomial_authority = (Mart. ex Schult.f.) J.G.Sm.
|synonyms_ref=<ref name="kathyodonnell"/>
|synonyms=*''[[Alisma tenellum]]'' <small>Mart. ex Schult.f. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes</small>
*''[[Echinodorus tenellus]]'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult.f.) Buchenau</small>
*''[[Sagittaria tenella]]'' <small>(Mart. ex Schult.f.) Kuntze</small>
*''Alisma ranunculoides ''var''. brasiliense'' <small>A.St.-Hil.</small>
*''[[Echinodorus parvulus]]'' <small>Engelm. in A.Gray</small>
*''[[Echinodorus subulatus]]'' <small>Engelm. in A.Gray</small>
*''[[Helanthium parvulum]]'' <small>(Engelm.) Small in N.L.Britton & al.</small>
*''Echinodorus tenellus ''var''. ecostatus'' <small>Fassett</small>
*''Echinodorus tenellus ''var''. parvulus'' <small>(Engelm.) Fassett</small>
*''Echinodorus tenellus f. randii'' <small>Fassett</small>
|}}
|}}
'''''Helanthium tenellum''''' is species of plants in the [[Alismataceae]]. It is native to the eastern [[United States]] (from [[Texas]] to [[Florida]], north to [[Michigan]] and [[Massachusetts]]), southern [[Mexico]] ([[Chiapas]], [[Veracruz]]), [[West Indies]] ([[Cuba]], [[Jamaica]], [[Hispaniola]]), [[Central America]], [[South America]] (from [[Guyana]] to [[Argentina]])<ref name="kathyodonnell">[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=294874 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Helanthium%20tenellum.png Biota of North America Program]</ref>


==Descrtiption==
[[File:Echinodorus isthmicus2.jpg|thumbnail|Echinodorus isthmicus]]
⚫
The [[leaves]] of ''H. tenellum'' are narrowly elliptical or [[lanceolate]]. At different times during the plant's [[biological life cycle|life cycle]], the blade of the leaf is scarcely distinguishable from the [[petiole (botany)|petiole]], while at other times the petiole is 10 to 15 times as long as the blade, which may be 1–4 cm long and 0.2-1 cm wide, with a pointed tip. The base is decurrent to the petiole and has between one and three veins.


⚫
The stem is thin, erect, often curved, and may be 3–20 cm long. In small plants, the stem ends in a single [[inflorescence]] (umbel or coil); in larger plants the inflorescence is [[racemose]], composed of two [[Whorl (botany)|whorls]] placed one above the other. [[Bracts]] are free and 2–6 mm long in the first whorl. Pedicels are 1–3.5 cm long. [[Sepals]] are 3 mm long, membraneous, and usually have five fine ribs. During ripening, the [[sepals]] enlarge and reach a length of up to 6 mm and fully cover the aggregate [[fruit]]. A specimen may have six to nine [[stamens]], each about 1 mm long. [[Anthers]] are 0.25 mm wide by 2.25 mm long, which is three times shorter than the filaments. It may have sixteen to eighteen [[pistils]]. The [[achenes]] are compressed, and arched in the apical part; they are (0.9) – 1.1 – (1.3) mm long, and black, with three lateral ribs. The basis of the [[Style (botany)|stylar]] beak is under the level of the tip of the [[pyrena|nutlet]] and may be 0.1–0.3 mm long.<ref>Buchenau, Franz Georg Philipp. 1868. Index Criticus Butomacearum, Alismacearum, Juncaginacearum 21. </ref><ref>[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22883224#page/84/mode/1up Britton, Nathaniel Lord. 1905. Manual of the Flora of the northern States and Canada (ed. 2) 54] </ref>
==Common names==
'''Pygmy chain sword plant''', '''Bolivian Sword'''.

==Synonyms==
''Alisma tenellus'' Martius; ''Alisma tenellum''; ''Echinodorus naine''; ''Echinodorus parvulus'' [[Engelm.]]; ''Echinodorus tenellus'' [[var.]] ''ecostatus''; ''Echinodorus tenellus'' ([[Mart.]]) [[Buch.]] var. ''latifolius'' ([[Seub.]]) [[Norman C. Fassett|Fassett]]; ''Echinodorus tenellus'' ([[Mart.]]) [[Buch.]] var. ''parvulus'' (Engelm.) Fassett; ''Helianthium parvulum'' ([[Engelm.]]) [[Britt.]]; ''Helianthium tenellum'' [[Britt.]]; ''Sagittaria microfolia''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Synonyms of Echinodorus bolivianus|url=http://aplx5.rdg.ac.uk/annual-checklist/2009/show_species_details.php?record_id=4948677|publisher=Aplx5.rdg.ac.uk|accessdate=2013-09-20}}</ref>

==Distribution==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2013}}
''Echinodorus tenellus'' is found throughout North, Central, and [[South America]], especially in Southern [[Brazil]] and the [[Southern United States|southern states]] of [[North America]]. It may be the widest-distributed of all the [[Echinodorus]], with the most northerly range.

There may be several different variations, which have at times been given separate [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomic]] rank.

It is only rarely found in running water. Normally it is found in wet sand on the shores of pools or in inundated zones of rivers.

==Description==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2013}}
⚫
The [[leaves]] of E. tenellus are narrowly elliptical or [[lanceolate]]. At different times during the plant's [[biological life cycle|life cycle]], the blade of the leaf is scarcely distinguishable from the [[petiole (botany)|petiole]], while at other times the petiole is 10 to 15 times as long as the blade, which may be 1–4 cm long and 0.2-1 cm wide, with a pointed tip. The base is decurrent to the petiole and has between one and three veins.

⚫
The stem is thin, erect, often curved and radicans, and may be 3–20 cm long. In small plants, the stem ends in a single [[inflorescence]] (umbel or coil); in larger plants the inflorescence is [[racemose]], composed of two whorls placed one above the other. [[Bracts]] are free and 2–6 mm long in the first whorl. Pedicels are 1–3.5 cm long. [[Sepals]] are 3 mm long, membraneous, and usually have five fine ribs. During ripening, the [[sepals]] enlarge and reach a length of up to 6 mm and fully cover the aggregate [[fruit]]. A specimen may have six to nine [[stamens]], each about 1 mm long. [[Anthers]] are 0.25 mm wide by 2.25 mm long, which is three times shorter than the filaments. It may have sixteen to eighteen [[pistils]]. The [[achenes]] are compressed, and arched in the apical part; they are (0.9) – 1.1 – (1.3) mm long, and black, with three lateral ribs. The basis of the stylar beak is under the level of the tip of the [[pyrena|nutlet]] and may be 0.1–0.3 mm long.

It is a highly variable species according to its geography and environmental conditions.

==Cultivation==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2013}}
Easy to grow in tropical [[aquariums]] or outside in and around [[ponds]] in warmer regions. It will form a mat in good conditions and in plenty of light. Likes a good [[Substrate (aquarium)|substrate]] of small grained gravel / sand. Benefits from additional CO<sub>2</sub>. Ideal for the fore – mid-ground of the [[aquarium]]. Will tolerate lower temperatures than many other [[Echinodorus]], down to at least 68F (20C) or lower. Propagates readily by runners.


==References==
==References==
Line 46: Line 35:


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=222000054 N. American flora ''Echinodorus tenellus'']
*[http://www.tropicos.org/ImageFullView.aspx?imageid=100143264 photo of herbarium specimen collected in Missouri in 1845, ''Helanthium tenellum'']
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ECTE2 ''Echinodorus tenellus'']
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=222000054 Flora of North America ''Echinodorus tenellus'']
* [http://www.lifemapper.org/robotfood/Plant/Echinodorus%20tenellus.HTM ''Echinodorus tenellus'']
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ECTE2 US Department of Agriculture plant profile''Echinodorus tenellus'']
* [http://pages.infinit.net/natura/echinodorus-tennelus.html ''Echinodorus tenellus'']
* [http://pages.infinit.net/natura/echinodorus-tennelus.html Mary-Ann Lambert, Natura, Les Plantes aquatiques, ''Echinodorus tenellus'']
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=11&taxon_id=222000054 ''Echinodorus tenellus'']
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=11&taxon_id=222000054 Flora of Missouri''Echinodorus tenellus'']
* [http://www.aquahobby.com/garden/e_tenellus.php AquaHobby]
* [http://www.aquahobby.com/garden/e_tenellus.php AquaHobby, The Age of Aquariums, ''Echinodorus tenellus'']

* [http://www.tropica.dk/productcard_1.asp?id=067 Tropica]
* [http://www.thekrib.com/Plants/Plants/chain-swords.html Krib discussions]
* [http://www.thekrib.com/Plants/Plants/chain-swords.html Krib discussions]




[[Category:Echinodorus|tenellus]]
[[Category:Echinodorus|tenellus]]
[[Category:Pteridophyta of the Americas]]
[[Category:Flora of Argentina]]
[[Category:Ferns of Argentina]]
[[Category:Flora of Veracruz]]
[[Category:Ferns of Mexico]]
[[Category:Flora of Chiapas]]
[[Category:Ferns of the United States]]
[[Category:Flora of the United States]]
[[Category:Flora of North America]]
[[Category:Flora of North America]]
[[Category:Flora of Central America]]
[[Category:Flora of Central America]]
[[Category:Flora of South America]]
[[Category:Flora of South America]]
[[Category:Flora of Brazil]]
[[Category:Flora of Cuba]]
[[Category:Flora of the Cerrado]]
[[Category:Flora of Jamaica]]
[[Category:Flora of the Southeastern United States]]
[[Category:Flora of Haiti]]
[[Category:Flora of the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Aquatic plants]]
[[Category:Aquatic plants]]

Revision as of 01:06, 14 May 2014

Narrow leaf chain sword
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Alismatales
Family:
Alismataceae
Genus:
Helanthium
Species:
H. tenellum
Binomial name
Helanthium tenellum
(Mart. ex Schult.f.) J.G.Sm.
Synonyms[1]

Helanthium tenellum is species of plants in the Alismataceae. It is native to the eastern United States (from Texas to Florida, north to Michigan and Massachusetts), southern Mexico (Chiapas, Veracruz), West Indies (Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola), Central America, South America (from Guyana to Argentina)[1][2]

Descrtiption

The leaves of H. tenellum are narrowly elliptical or lanceolate. At different times during the plant's life cycle, the blade of the leaf is scarcely distinguishable from the petiole, while at other times the petiole is 10 to 15 times as long as the blade, which may be 1–4 cm long and 0.2-1 cm wide, with a pointed tip. The base is decurrent to the petiole and has between one and three veins.

The stem is thin, erect, often curved, and may be 3–20 cm long. In small plants, the stem ends in a single inflorescence (umbel or coil); in larger plants the inflorescence is racemose, composed of two whorls placed one above the other. Bracts are free and 2–6 mm long in the first whorl. Pedicels are 1–3.5 cm long. Sepals are 3 mm long, membraneous, and usually have five fine ribs. During ripening, the sepals enlarge and reach a length of up to 6 mm and fully cover the aggregate fruit. A specimen may have six to nine stamens, each about 1 mm long. Anthers are 0.25 mm wide by 2.25 mm long, which is three times shorter than the filaments. It may have sixteen to eighteen pistils. The achenes are compressed, and arched in the apical part; they are (0.9) – 1.1 – (1.3) mm long, and black, with three lateral ribs. The basis of the stylar beak is under the level of the tip of the nutlet and may be 0.1–0.3 mm long.[3][4]

References

  1. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ Biota of North America Program
  3. ^ Buchenau, Franz Georg Philipp. 1868. Index Criticus Butomacearum, Alismacearum, Juncaginacearum 21.
  4. ^ Britton, Nathaniel Lord. 1905. Manual of the Flora of the northern States and Canada (ed. 2) 54

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helanthium_tenellum&oldid=608477159"