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{{Short description|French writer (1896–1980)}}
{{Expand French|Henry Poulaille|date=January 2012}}
'''Henry Poulaille''' (5 December 1896, [[Paris]] – 30 March 1980, [[Cachan]]) was a [[France|French]] writer.


{{Infobox writer
He was the son of Henri, an anarchist carpenter from [[Nantes]], and Hortense Roulot, a chair-maker from [[Ménilmontant]]. However he was orphaned at the age of 14. He was self taughtand developed a passion for books, and started to frequent [[libertarian]] circles.<ref name="ea">{{cite web |title=Henry Poulaille |url=http://www.ephemanar.net/decembre05.html |website=www.ephemanar.net |publisher=Ephemeride anarchiste |accessdate=4 December 2018}}</ref>
| honorific-suffix =
| name = Henry Poulaille
| image = Henry Poulaille.jpeg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| language =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1896|12|05}}
| birth_place = [[11th arrondissement of Paris]], [[Paris]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1980|03|30|1896|12|05}}
| death_place = [[14th arrondissement of Paris]], [[Paris]]
| resting_place =
| occupation = Writer, journalist, [[printer (publishing)|printer]]
| nationality = French
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre = [[Proletarian literature]]
}}


'''Henry Poulaille''' (5 December 1896 – 30 March 1980) was a French writer<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ephemeride anarchiste 5 decembre|url=http://www.ephemanar.net/decembre05.html|access-date=2020-10-20|website=www.ephemanar.net}}</ref> and a pioneer of [[proletarian literature]].
⚫
In May 1922 he attended the [[International Congress of Progressive Artists]] and signed the "Founding Proclamation of the Union of Progressive International Artists".<ref name="Review">{{cite web |last1=van Doesburg |first1=Theo |title=De Stijl, “A Short Review of the Proceedings of the Congress of International Progressive Artists], Followed by the Statements Made by the Artists’ Groups” (1922) |url=https://modernistarchitecture.wordpress.com/2010/10/22/de-stijl-%E2%80%9Ca-short-review-of-the-proceedings-of-the-congress-of-international-progressive-artists-followed-by-the-statements-made-by-the-artists%E2%80%99-groups%E2%80%9D-1922/ |website=modernistarchitecture.wordpress.com |publisher=Ross Lawrence Wolfe |accessdate=30 November 2018}}</ref>

== Biography ==

=== Early life and World War I ===
He was the son of Henri, an anarchist carpenter from [[Nantes]], and Hortense Roulot, a chair-maker from [[Ménilmontant]]. However he was orphaned at the age of 14. He was self taught and developed a passion for books then he started to frequent [[libertarian]] circles.<ref name="ea">{{cite web |title=Henry Poulaille |url=http://www.ephemanar.net/decembre05.html |website=www.ephemanar.net |publisher=Ephemeride anarchiste |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> He thus met [[Jean Grave]], [[Paul Delesalle]], [[Victor Serge]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Maitron|first1=Jean|title=Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français|last2=Pennetier|first2=Claude|year=1991|volume=4|pages=39}}</ref> He was part of the [[Anti-Stalinist left]].<ref name="Collins">{{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=Cath |title=Post-Transitional Justice: Human Rights Trials in Chile and El Salvador |date=2010 |publisher=Penn State Press |isbn=978-0-271-03688-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-_kuLOvxf4C&pg=PA206 |access-date=20 June 2020 |language=en |page=206}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chapman |first1=Rosemary |title=Henry Poulaille and Proletarian Literature 1920-1939 |date=1992 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-5183-324-9 |page=83 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z0fUQEPsdQUC&pg=PA83 |access-date=22 June 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Berry |first1=David |title=A History of the French Anarchist Movement, 1917-1945 |date=2002 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-32026-2 |page=168 |language=en}}</ref> During [[World War I]], he was drafted within the 5th Battalion of Foot Soldiers, and was sent on the frontline on August 12, 1916. He is wounded at [[Chemin des Dames]] by a shrapnel on October 23, 1917.  He will recount his war experience in ''Pain de soldat'' (Soldier's Bread).

=== Author ===
⚫
In May 1922, he attended the [[International Congress of Progressive Artists]] and signed the "Founding Proclamation of the Union of Progressive International Artists".<ref name="Review">{{cite web |last1=van Doesburg |first1=Theo |title=De Stijl, "A Short Review of the Proceedings of the Congress of International Progressive Artists], Followed by the Statements Made by the Artists' Groups" (1922) |url=https://modernistarchitecture.wordpress.com/2010/10/22/de-stijl-%E2%80%9Ca-short-review-of-the-proceedings-of-the-congress-of-international-progressive-artists-followed-by-the-statements-made-by-the-artists%E2%80%99-groups%E2%80%9D-1922/ |website=modernistarchitecture.wordpress.com |publisher=Ross Lawrence Wolfe |access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref>

He was hired in 1923 by [[Éditions Grasset|Editions Grasset]], as director of the press service. Until his retirement in 1956, he was acting as literary advisor.

However he led his fight for proletarian literature with a manifesto book (''Nouvel âge littéraire'', New Literary Age), a review (New Literary Age then New Age), a collection (Les romans of the New Age) at the Éditions Valois. He devotes all his energy to the promotion of proletarian literature, introduces many authors from the world of work. New Literary Age (1930), his manifesto book traces the history of this literature.  "This is, in our opinion, proletarian literature: the fact of using the 'written thing' to stand up."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Maricourt|first=Thierry|title=Henry Poulaille|publisher=Éditions Ressouvenances|year=2011}}</ref>

His humanitarian, pacifist and anti-militarist commitment has been seen on many occasions:

- In 1925, he signed a manifesto against the [[Rif War|war in Morocco]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=SIRINELLI|first=Jean-François|date=1998-01-12|title=Rififi sur le Rif.|url=https://www.liberation.fr/cahier-special/1998/01/12/rififi-sur-le-rif_544724|access-date=2020-10-21|website=Libération.fr|language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=POULAILLE Henry (pseudonyme : Hyp) - Maitron|url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article89698|website=maitron.fr|date=17 July 2017 |access-date=2020-10-21}}</ref>

- In 1927, he signed a petition, along with [[Émile Chartier|Alain]], [[Lucien Descaves]], [[Louis Guilloux]], [[Jules Romains]], [[Caroline Rémy de Guebhard|Séverine]], against a law on the general organization of the nation at times of war which abrogated all intellectual independence and all freedom of opinion. His name rubbed .<ref>[http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=E8709D95AAC7B8ABAD23BC495902F6EF.tpdjo05v_2?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070686&dateTexte=20070423 Texte de la loi] sur le site Legifrance. Elle est votée en 1938, après plus de dix ans de débats.</ref> The petition published on April 15 in [[Europe (magazine)|Europe]].

- in 1939, he is jailed for a short while because he signed a pacifist leaflet by [[Louis Lecoin]].

=== Publisher ===
He sought to promote proletarian literature, differentiating it from [[populism]] and from the literature of communist proletarians. Following on from the work of [[Jules Michelet]], [[Charles Péguy]], [[Georges Sorel]], but also [[Charles Ferdinand Ramuz|Ramuz]], he called for a literature made by the people and for the people, which should be the work of writers originating from the people.  Two examples are Constant Malva, a minor from [[Borinage]] or Rose Combe, an [[Auvergne]] gatekeeper, which he publishes in his series "The novels of the New Age".  To be "authentic", the writer must have a thorough knowledge of the environment he wants to portray.  The writer who wants to describe the working class must therefore be born in this class.  "To talk about poverty, you have to have known it," says Poulaille.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Henry|first=Poulaille|date=December 1937|title=La Littérature et le peuple|journal=Les Humbles|pages=35}}</ref> From the 1940s, he turned to other manifestations of popular culture, such as "[[Christmas carol]]s”, "[[chanson de toile]]" and became interested in new media (records and cinema).


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* {{cite book |last1=Chapman |first1=Rosemary |title=Henry Poulaille and Proletarian Literature 1920-1939 |date=1992 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-5183-324-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z0fUQEPsdQUC |access-date=22 June 2020 |language=en}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:French male writers]]
[[Category:French male writers]]
[[Category:Proletarian literature]]
[[Category:Proletarian literature]]
[[Category:Anti-Stalinist left]]


{{France-writer-stub}}

Latest revision as of 06:14, 16 June 2023

Henry Poulaille
Born(1896-12-05)5 December 1896
11th arrondissement of Paris, Paris
Died30 March 1980(1980-03-30) (aged 83)
14th arrondissement of Paris, Paris
OccupationWriter, journalist, printer
NationalityFrench
GenreProletarian literature

Henry Poulaille (5 December 1896 – 30 March 1980) was a French writer[1] and a pioneer of proletarian literature.

Biography[edit]

Early life and World War I[edit]

He was the son of Henri, an anarchist carpenter from Nantes, and Hortense Roulot, a chair-maker from Ménilmontant. However he was orphaned at the age of 14. He was self taught and developed a passion for books then he started to frequent libertarian circles.[2] He thus met Jean Grave, Paul Delesalle, Victor Serge.[3] He was part of the Anti-Stalinist left.[4][5][6] During World War I, he was drafted within the 5th Battalion of Foot Soldiers, and was sent on the frontline on August 12, 1916. He is wounded at Chemin des Dames by a shrapnel on October 23, 1917.  He will recount his war experience in Pain de soldat (Soldier's Bread).

Author[edit]

In May 1922, he attended the International Congress of Progressive Artists and signed the "Founding Proclamation of the Union of Progressive International Artists".[7]

He was hired in 1923 by Editions Grasset, as director of the press service. Until his retirement in 1956, he was acting as literary advisor.

However he led his fight for proletarian literature with a manifesto book (Nouvel âge littéraire, New Literary Age), a review (New Literary Age then New Age), a collection (Les romans of the New Age) at the Éditions Valois. He devotes all his energy to the promotion of proletarian literature, introduces many authors from the world of work. New Literary Age (1930), his manifesto book traces the history of this literature.  "This is, in our opinion, proletarian literature: the fact of using the 'written thing' to stand up."[8]

His humanitarian, pacifist and anti-militarist commitment has been seen on many occasions:

- In 1925, he signed a manifesto against the war in Morocco.[9][10]

- In 1927, he signed a petition, along with Alain, Lucien Descaves, Louis Guilloux, Jules Romains, Séverine, against a law on the general organization of the nation at times of war which abrogated all intellectual independence and all freedom of opinion. His name rubbed .[11] The petition published on April 15 in Europe.

- in 1939, he is jailed for a short while because he signed a pacifist leaflet by Louis Lecoin.

Publisher[edit]

He sought to promote proletarian literature, differentiating it from populism and from the literature of communist proletarians. Following on from the work of Jules Michelet, Charles Péguy, Georges Sorel, but also Ramuz, he called for a literature made by the people and for the people, which should be the work of writers originating from the people.  Two examples are Constant Malva, a minor from Borinage or Rose Combe, an Auvergne gatekeeper, which he publishes in his series "The novels of the New Age".  To be "authentic", the writer must have a thorough knowledge of the environment he wants to portray.  The writer who wants to describe the working class must therefore be born in this class.  "To talk about poverty, you have to have known it," says Poulaille.[12] From the 1940s, he turned to other manifestations of popular culture, such as "Christmas carols”, "chanson de toile" and became interested in new media (records and cinema).

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Ephemeride anarchiste 5 decembre". www.ephemanar.net. Retrieved 2020-10-20.
  2. ^ "Henry Poulaille". www.ephemanar.net. Ephemeride anarchiste. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  3. ^ Maitron, Jean; Pennetier, Claude (1991). Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français. Vol. 4. p. 39.
  4. ^ Collins, Cath (2010). Post-Transitional Justice: Human Rights Trials in Chile and El Salvador. Penn State Press. p. 206. ISBN 978-0-271-03688-5. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  5. ^ Chapman, Rosemary (1992). Henry Poulaille and Proletarian Literature 1920-1939. Rodopi. p. 83. ISBN 978-90-5183-324-9. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  6. ^ Berry, David (2002). A History of the French Anarchist Movement, 1917-1945. Greenwood Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-313-32026-2.
  7. ^ van Doesburg, Theo. "De Stijl, "A Short Review of the Proceedings of the Congress of International Progressive Artists], Followed by the Statements Made by the Artists' Groups" (1922)". modernistarchitecture.wordpress.com. Ross Lawrence Wolfe. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
  8. ^ Maricourt, Thierry (2011). Henry Poulaille. Éditions Ressouvenances.
  9. ^ SIRINELLI, Jean-François (1998-01-12). "Rififi sur le Rif". Libération.fr (in French). Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  10. ^ "POULAILLE Henry (pseudonyme : Hyp) - Maitron". maitron.fr. 17 July 2017. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
  11. ^ Texte de la loi sur le site Legifrance. Elle est votée en 1938, après plus de dix ans de débats.
  12. ^ Henry, Poulaille (December 1937). "La Littérature et le peuple". Les Humbles: 35.
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