Driver's licenses in the United States and Billy the Puppet: Difference between pages

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{| class="infobox" style="width: 21em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left"
[[Image:NC Drivers License.png|right|thumb|[[North Carolina]] driver's license (censored for security), showing some of the security features which relate to the [[Wright Brothers]]. Note: the holograms are not visible due to the way in which the document was scanned. New NC driver's licenses contain [[Radio-frequency identification|RFID]], a bump that can be felt, under the North American Logo visible on the back of the license.]]
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | ''[[Saw (film series)|Saw]]'' prop
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:BillyPuppt.JPG|{{deletable image-caption|1=Saturday, 6 September 2008}}]] -->
|-
! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size: larger; background-color: #001; color: #ffa;" | Billy
|-
! Gender:
| [[Male]] design
|-
! Relationships:
| [[Jigsaw Killer|John Kramer]] (creator and voice actor)
|-
! Purpose:
| To deliver messages to subjects of Jigsaw
|-
! Status:
| Inanimate
|-
! First Appearance:
| ''[[Saw (film)|Saw]]''
|
|}


'''Billy''' is a puppet that has appeared in the [[Saw (film series)|''Saw'' films]]. He was used by the series' primary antagonist John Kramer, the [[Jigsaw Killer]], to communicate with his victims. Although he has never been identified in the actual films themselves, ''Billy'' is the name by which he is referred to by writers, directors and members of the cast and crew on documentaries and interviews. The name was given to him by his real-life creator [[James Wan]], who is the director and co-writer of ''Saw''. There is disagreement that the name is spelled ''Billie'', although Wan himself spells it ''Billy''.<ref name=SawUncut>Saw: Uncut special features</ref>
In the [[United States]], the issuance of [[Driving license|licenses]] is the authority of individual [[United States state|states]] including [[Washington, D.C.]] and all [[United States territory|US territories]], and under federal law, a driver's license is valid and must be accepted for use throughout the country. US licenses are also accepted in [[Canada]] and many other nations due to various international agreements and treaties. Many states share a common system of license classes, with some exceptions, and commercial license classes are standardized by the federal law of ''49 [[Code of Federal Regulations|CFR]] part 383''.


The main purpose of Billy is to deliver recorded messages to victims of Jigsaw's, often appearing on a television screen to distribute the details of the [[List of traps in the Saw film series|sadistic traps]] and the means of which the victims can survive.
== Standard Licenses ==
'''Billy has a really big butt which is attractive.'''
* '''Passenger Car''': Covers most passenger vehicles, including cars, [[sport utility vehicles]], [[pickup trucks]], vans, and all except for the largest [[recreational vehicles]] but does not include [[motorcycles]]. Different jurisdictions have different designations for this license type, a majority of states call it '''Class C (Non Commercial)''' or '''Class D''', but [[Florida]] calls it Class E, in [[Mississippi]] it's known as Class R, in [[Rhode Island]] Class 10 and in [[Hawaii]] it's Class 4. </b>
* '''Graduated License''': Are functionally the same as a passenger license, but are typically issued to new drivers under the age of 18, and start off restricted in effect the first nine months; these restrictions can be extended until the licese holder reaches age 18. After a probationary period, or once the driver becomes an adult, this converts to a full license. Example restrictions include:
==
** The driver can drive alone, but is limited to only two passengers other than immediate family or a qualified adult
== Headline text ==
** No driving between midnight to 5 a.m., unless traveling between home and school or work
The restrictions above can be extended if the driver gets a traffic ticket, the probationary license can be suspended or revoked or if the license holder violates the above restrictions.


== Headline text ==
* '''Chauffeur''': Functionally the same as a passenger car license, but also allows the holder to drive a taxi, limo, or other livery vehicle for hire. Livery licensing in the United States is somewhat complicated. Chauffeur licenses are '''not''' considered Commercial Driver's Licenses, and (assuming the driver already holds a regular passenger license), a road test is not required to convert it to a chauffeur license, however some states do require a short written exam on taxi specific driving laws and/ or a background check. States that issue this type of license typically call it '''Class E''', however, many states do not. Some simply add an endorsement to a regular license, while others require no special permission at the state level to drive a taxi or limo. Regardless of if and how the state handles chauffeur licensing, a permit or license must always be obtained from the city, town, or county the driver will be operating in.
==


* '''Motorcycle''': Covers motorcycles only, frequently combined with a regular passenger license. This does not include any motorcycle 50 cc and under, these are legally considered motorized bicycles or mopeds, and do not require a special motorcycle license, or in some states do not require a license at all. Unlike in Europe, the United States does not differentiate between low and full powered motorcycles for the purposes of licensing.


Recently, a line of replica ''Billy'' dolls has been released for consumer purchase, mainly through off-beat gift-stores. It retains the main characteristics of the doll, though is much cleaner in appearance. ''Billy'' Halloween masks have also been released for general consumer purchase.
Some states also have additional classifications. Hawaii, for example has a separate license category for drivers who only operate mopeds, some more northernly states have separate categories for Snowmobiles and ATVs. [[South Carolina]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]] have non-commercial versions of every commercial class license for agriculture purposes.


== Characteristics ==
== Commercial Driver's Licenses (CDL) ==


Billy appears to be a [[Ventriloquism|ventriloquist's dummy]], as his jaw is movable in order to give the suggestion that he is talking, although he is not used in the same manner, instead being seen moving "on his own". His face is white, and he has a protruding brow and cheeks that have red spirals painted on them. His red lips form a grin. His eyes are black, with red irises, and his head is topped with black, messy hair.
:'''Class A''': Combination vehicle of 26,000 lb (11,790 kg) or more
:'''Class B''': Single (straight) vehicle of 26,000 lb (11,790 kg) or more (also includes most buses) </b>
:'''Class C''': Commercial vehicle that doesn't fit classes A or B, but is placarded for hazardous materials or is intended to carry 14 passengers or more (excluding [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]) </b>


Billy is always depicted as wearing a black tuxedo, with a white undershirt and gloves, red bow tie, and red handkerchief in the breast pocket. He also has red [[Mary Jane (shoe)|Mary-Janes]] for shoes. In the short film, he is seen wearing a green [[bowler hat]]. He is often seen riding an old-fashioned, red tricycle. The only sound delivered "directly" by him is a generic electronic cackle much like one would find in a Halloween-type toy.
=== Commercial Driver's License Endorsements ===


It was revealed in ''[[Saw IV]]'' that Billy's design was taken from a smaller, slightly different, version that John had shown to his then-wife, [[List of Saw characters#Jill Tuck|Jill]].
Professional drivers are usually required to add endorsements to their [[Commercial Driver's License|CDL]] in order to drive certain types of vehicles that require additional training, such as those equipped with air brakes. CDL endorsements are also common among all states, and the training and testing requirements are regulated by the [[US Department of Transportation|Federal Government]]. Endorsements are as follows:


== Construction ==
:'''P''': Passenger Transport (Required to drive a bus that carries 14 people or more)
:'''H''': Hazardous Materials (Also requires a [[TSA]] criminal background check as well as a written exam. You must be a US Citizen to obtain an H or X endorsement.)
:'''N''': Tank Vehicles, Required for carrying liquids in bulk
:'''T''': Double/ Triple Trailers (Road trains) (Class A licenses only)
:'''X''': Hazardous Materials and Tank Combination
:'''L''': [[Air Brakes]]
:'''S''': School Bus (In addition to a standard bus endorsement (P), additional TSA and [[CORI]] background checks are required.)


[[Image:OriginalBilly.JPG|thumb|right|100px|Original concept art for Billy]]
== Graduated Licensing Laws ==
[[Image:US-driving-ages.png|left|250px|thumb|License age by state.</br> Click on image for key.]]
In most [[U.S. state|states]], the minimum age to apply for a driver's license is 16, but is as young as 14 1/2 in [[South Dakota]] and as high as 17 in [[New Jersey]]. In all except for a few states, a '''graduated licensing law''' applies to newly licensed teenage drivers, going by names such as "Provisional Driver", "Junior Operator", "Probationary Driver" or "Intermediate License." These licenses restrict certain driving privileges, normally whether the new driver may carry passengers and if so how many, as well as setting a curfew for young drivers to be off the roads (usually around midnight, but as early as 9pm in New York). Unlike some states of [[Australia]], however, lowered speed limits and a prohibition on highway driving for new drivers are not a part of graduated licensing laws. Additionally, graduated licensing mandates tougher penalties for speeding, [[DUI]], and certain other offenses. The restrictions typically last for the first couple of months the new driver is licensed or until he or she turns 18 (21 in Washington DC).
[[Image:US-provisional-DL-laws.png|right|250px|thumb|Graduated licensing laws by state.</br> Click on image for key.]]
GDLs are subject to the same 50 state reciproicity that unrestricted licenses are (with the exception of 14-15 year old drivers operating in states that do not license individuals under 16.) Graduated license holders must always adhere to the restrictions of their home state regardless of where they are driving. Additionally, depending on local laws, underage drivers may also be subject to the GDL laws of the state they are driving in as well (although this is not always the case.)


According to Wan, the construction of the original puppet's face for ''[[Saw (film)|Saw]]'' involved clay, papier-maché, and black ping-pong balls with the irises painted in for the eyes. He's also said to have paper-towel rolls somewhere part of him.<ref name=Saw1DVD>Saw DVD special features</ref> To make him move, the puppeteers pulled him along on a fishing line.
In addition to the above restrictions, drivers under 18 are usually required to attend a comprehensive [[Drivers Education]] program either at their high school or a professional driving school and take a certain number of behind the wheel lessons with a certified driving instructor before applying for a license. Some states like [[New York]] also require new adult drivers to attend some form of driver's education before applying for a license.


For ''[[Saw II]]'', Billy was redesigned with mechanical features that could be controlled by a remote control, including his unhinged jaw and his eyes.
Drivers who are 18 or older when they first apply for a license are not subject to the graduated licensing laws. This is in stark contrast to other some other countries where ''all'' new drivers are subject to a restriction.


For ''[[Saw III]]'', the prop crew was given the original puppet, but found it unfit to work, as time had damaged it. Instead, they recreated Billy, using water-jet-cut foam for his body instead of fiberglass, equipped with plates to hold the puppet together and magnets to attach him to his tricycle. The back of his head was removable, as to make it easier to slide the animatronic pieces in.
Per Federal Law, the minimum age for a to operate a commercial motor vehicle across state lines is 21. For [[School Bus]] drivers this can be as high as 25. Some individual states issue restricted [[Commercial Driver's License]] (valid in the state of issuance only) to professional drivers as young as 18. These restricted CDL's are not typically valid for driving multiple tractor trailers, hazardous materials or school buses. </br>


For ''[[Saw IV]]'', the prop crew again made the body of water-jet-cut foam, held together by metal rods. They used strong magnets to make a flat rear for the puppet, so that it could be easily positioned on any metal surface. The resin-filled ping-pong ball eyes were controlled with a remote control, as was the mouth.<ref name=eBayBidding>[http://cgi.ebay.com/THE-SAW-4-PUPPET_W0QQitemZ260173415303QQihZ016QQcategoryZ60360QQssPageNameZWDVWQQrdZ1QQcmdZViewItem eBay description]</ref>
=== Licensing Laws by State ===
{{-}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!State
!Learner's Permit
!Restricted License
!Full License
!Notes
|-
|[[Alabama]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |No more than 4 passengers allowed in vehicle for six months after receiving license
|-
|[[Alaska]]
|align="center" |14 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |No passengers under 21 for the first 6 months, no driving between 1am and 5am until reaching age 18.
|-
|[[Arizona]]
|align="center" |15 years, 7 months
|align="center" |-
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 and 17 year old face enhanced penalties for traffic offenses, but there are no restrictions.
|-
|[[Arkansas]]
|align="center" |14 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 1/2 years
|align="center" |Driver must be supervised at all times until he or she has been licensed for six months.
|-
|[[California]]
|align="center" |15 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |Permit upon completion of driver's education registration, and cannot drive with a permit without a parent, guardian or licensed adult age of 25 or older until completion of the first day of drivers training. Restrictions include not being able to drive anyone under the age of 20 and not being able to drive between the hours of 11p.m. to 5a.m. for twelve months after receiving your license. <ref>[http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/hdbk/pgs09thru12.htm California Driver Handbook - The California Driver License - Minor's Provisional Permit and License Information<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <ref>[http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/vctop/d06/vc12814_6.htm V.C. Section 12814.6 - Provisional License for Minors: Distinctive Driver's License<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
|[[Colorado]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |Drivers under 18 may carry one passenger over the age of 18 for the first six months of being licensed, one passenger of any age for the next six months after that. Driving between midnight and 5am is also prohibited until the driver has been licensed for one year or turns 18.
|-
|[[Connecticut]]
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |No passengers under 20 for six months, no driving between midnight and 5am until the driver turns 18.
|-
|[[Delaware]]
|align="center" |15 years, 10 months
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |No driving from 12:00 to 5:00 am or any passengers for six months.
|-
|[[District of Columbia]]
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |A conditional full license can be obtained at 17, however a driver is still considered a GRAD (probationary) driver for penalty purposes until they turn 21.
|-
|[[Florida]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |16 years - No 11 pm to 6 am driving unless with 21 year or older licensed driver or driving to and from work. 17 years - No 1 am to 5 am driving unless with 21 year or older licensed driver or driving to and from work.
|-
|[[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |17 years, 6 months
|align="center" |Immediate family only for first six months. One teen passenger allowed for following six months. After 18 months, restrictions are lifted.
|-
|[[Hawaii]]
|align="center" |15 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |Only one passenger under 18 allowed for one year.
|-
|[[Idaho]]<ref>[http://www.itd.idaho.gov/dmv/DriverServices/documents/driver_manual.pdf Drivers Manual Master<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|align="center" |14 years, 6 months
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |Those under 17 must complete an accredited driver training program to receive an instruction permit. Those under 16 may only drive during daylight hours, unless supervised by a licensed driver 21 or over. For the first 6 months of license possession, the driver is only able to carry one non-family member in their car.
|-
|[[Illinois]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |Must complete 50 hours of driving before one can apply for license. The learning age will be changed to 18 in January 2008. Anyone under 18 cannot drive between the hours of 12:00 A.M. and 5:00 A.M. which came into effect January 2007. And can only transport 1 person under 18 for the first 6 months (12 months starting in 2008) or until the driver turns 18 unless immediate transportation such as family.
|-
|[[Indiana]]
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |No passengers for first 90 days. No driving from 1:00 to 5:00 am if under 18.
|-
|[[Iowa]]
|align="center" |14 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |Restricted drivers can not drive between 12:30 A.M. and 5:00 A.M. unless there is a parent/guardian, immediate family member over 21, or a designated adult over 25. The driver may drive between these times if they are granted a waiver for travel to and from work or school related activities. The number of passengers is limited to the number of seat belts. Full license at 17 years old if the driver has gone violation and accident free for 12 consecutive months, otherwise they must be 18 years old.
|-
|[[Kansas]]<ref>[http://www.ksrevenue.org/pdf/dlhb.pdf cover.pmd<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|align="center" |14 years
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |Restricted license holders may not carry minor passengers and are only permitted to drive to and from school (not extra-curricular activities) or work only, unless accompanied by a licensed driver 18 or older.
|-
|[[Kentucky]]
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 1/2 years
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |Under 18 may not drive from midnight to 6 am.
|-
|[[Louisiana]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |Anyone under 17 years of age cannot drive between the hours of 11 p.m. and 5 a.m.
|-
|[[Maine]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |Only immediate family for six months. Under 18 may not use cell phone.
|-
|[[Maryland]]
|align="center" |15 years, 9 months
|align="center" |16 years, 3 months
|align="center" |17 years, 9 months
|align="center" |Anyone under 18 years of age with a provisional license may not carry passengers under 18 for the first 151 days of having the license or drive between midnight and 5am. In Maryland, all new drivers regardless of age hold a provisional license for 18 months, but for adult drivers, the passenger and time restrictions do not apply (however the enhanced penalties do.)
|-
|[[Massachusetts]]
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |Junior operators (under 18) cannot drive between 12:30am and 5am unless accompanied by their parent. Additionally, junior operators cannot drive with minor passengers (except immediate family members) unless accompanied by a licensed driver over 21 within the first 6 months of obtaining a License.
|-
|[[Michigan]]<ref>[http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Michigans_Graduated_Licensing_System_153498_7.pdf Michigan's Graduated License System Timeline]</ref>
|align="center" |14 years, 9 months
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |To obtain a Level 1 License (Learner's Permit) you are required to complete Segment 1 of a Driver's Education Course. A Level 2 License (Junior License) permits the holder to drive unaccompanied except between the hours of midnight and 5 a.m. unless accompanied by a licensed driver over 21 or driving to or from employment.
|-
|[[Minnesota]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |-
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |No cell phone usage before age 18, all passengers must wear seat belts
|-
|[[Mississippi]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |15 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |Must hold a learner's permit for 6 months, before applying for a intermediate license, and restricted for use between hours of 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. Must hold a intermediate license for 6 months or reach the age of 17, before applying for a full license.
|-
|[[Missouri]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |40 hours of driving instruction are required including 10 hours at night to be eligible for the restricted license. Restrictions include no driving between 1am and 5am unless required for school or work, limitations of 1 passenger under 19 for the first six months after the license is issued and 3 passengers thereafter, and there must be no traffic or alcohol offenses for one year to advance to the full license.<ref>[http://dor.mo.gov/mvdl/drivers/gradlaw.htm Missouri Graduated Driver License Law<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
|[[Montana]]
|align="center" |14 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |18 years (see notes)
|align="center" |Under 18 cannot drive between 11pm and 5am, and may not have more than one passenger under 18 in the vehicle.
|-
|[[Nebraska]]
|align="center" |14 years, 3 months
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |15 year olds may only drive to and from school and you must live in a rural area to do so.
|-
|[[Nevada]]
|align="center" |15 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |Underage drivers may not transport passengers under 18 for the first six months of being licensed, and may not drive between 10pm and 5am until they turn 18 (except with a letter from a school official or employer.) Additional restrictions apply in [[Las Vegas metropolitan area|Las Vegas]] and [[Reno]].
|-
|[[New Hampshire]]
|align="center" |15 years, 6 months*
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |*No formal learner's permit is required in NH, 15 1/2 year olds may drive so long as they are accompanied by a licensed driver aged 25 or older. Drivers under 18 may not drive between 1am and 5am or drive with more than one non-family member under 18 in the vehicle for the first six months after receiving his or her license.
|-
|[[New Jersey]]
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |Under 18 cannot drive between 12:01 a.m. and 5:01 a.m., and cannot drive with more than one, non family member under 18.
|-
|[[New Mexico]]
|align="center" |14 years, 6 months
|align="center" |15 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |No driving from midnight to 6am and no more than one passenger for one year after receiving license.
|-
|[[New York]]
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |Restricted license holders cannot drive between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. unless attending a school event (including sporting events, school dances, school concerts etc.), employment or accompanied by license holder over 21.</br> The minimum age to drive in the five boroughs of [[New York City]] as well as all of [[Long Island]] is 17.
|-
|[[North Carolina]]
|align="center" |14 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |Learner's permit must be held for 12 months before obtaining a restricted license; Restricted license for 6 months without any moving violations before obtaining a full license. No driving from 9pm to 5am for first six months. Certain restrictions still apply to persons under 18, regardless of whether or not they have a full license.
|-
|[[North Dakota]]<ref>[http://www.dot.nd.gov/docs/rulesroad.pdf rules07WEB<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|align="center" |14 years
|align="center" |14 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |Drivers under age 16 may only drive vehicles owned by their parent or guardian, or a vehicle with dual controls.
|-
|[[Ohio]]
|align="center" |15 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years or after 6 months with permit, whichever is later
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |Under 17 cannot drive between 12 a.m. and 6 a.m., under 18 cannot drive between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. Drivers under 18 must complete driver's education. Drivers under 17 may only have one non-family member under the age of 21 in the car; no restrictions on family members or those over 21.
|-
|[[Oklahoma]]
|align="center" |15 years, 6 months (can drive without a learner's permit at 15 with a certified driving instructor)
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |Intermediate drivers cannot drive more than a single passenger of any age (family excluded) or drive between 11pm and 5am. A single traffic violation will extend the intermediate phase until the driver turns 18.
|-
|[[Oregon]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |Minors are prohibited from driving between midnight and 5am, no passengers under 20 for the frist six months of being licensed (except family members.)
|-
|[[Pennsylvania]]
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |Those with a restricted license may not drive between 11pm and 5am. No passenger restrictions, other than the number of seatbelts may not be less than the number of passengers. <ref>[http://www.dmv.state.pa.us/young_drivers/young_driver_faq.shtml PENNDOT Driver and Vehicle Services - Young Drivers<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
|[[Rhode Island]]
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |17 years, 6 months
|align="center" |No driving between midnight and 5am with a restricted license.
|-
|[[South Carolina]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |15 years,6 months
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |- No driving between 6 PM and 6 AM during standard time, and 8 PM and 6 AM during DLST. A 16 year old may apply for a waiver to drive until midnight for transportation to and from work.
|-
|[[South Dakota]]<ref>[http://www.state.sd.us/dps/dl/SDLInfo/SDL_Main.asp#Types_of_Driver_Licenses State of South Dakota - Driver Licensing Program<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|align="center" |14 years
|align="center" |14 years, 3 months - 14 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |14 years, 3 months with driver's education, 14 years, 6 months without.
|-
|[[Tennessee]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |No driving from 11pm to 5am or more than one passenger for one year.
|-
|[[Texas]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |Drivers with a restricted license may drive with no more than one other person under the age of 21 and cannot use a cell phone while driving for the first 6 months.
|-
|[[Utah]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |-Drivers with restricted licenses may not drive between 12 AM and 5 AM. No passengers that are not immediate family members; unless they are a licensed driver 21 years or older, or if there are younger passengers in the car with a licensed, 21 year old driver in the front passenger seat.
|-
|[[Vermont]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years with drivers education
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |No passengers for the first three months, immediate family members only for the second three months (passenger restrictions are waived if accompanied by a parent or another licensed adult aged 25 or older.<ref>http://www.aot.state.vt.us/DMV/documents/MiscellaneousDocuments/GraduatedDriverLicenseBrochure111706.pdf</ref>)
|-
|[[Virginia]]
|align="center" |15 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years, 3 months
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |- Under 18 may not carry more than one minor passenger for the first year of being licensed. All minors subject to a curfew between 12:00-4:00AM
|-
|[[Washington]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |18 years
|align="center" |For the first 6 months, you cannot drive with passengers under the age of 20 unless they are members of your immediate family. For the next 6 months you may not carry more than 3 passengers who are under 20 years old who are not members of your immediate family. For the first 12 months, you cannot drive between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m. unless you are with a licensed driver age 25 or older. The only exception to this rule is if you drive for agricultural purposes, meaning you transport farm products or supplies under the direction of a farmer.
|-
|[[West Virginia]]
|align="center" |15 years
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |17 years
|align="center" |No more than two passengers or driving from 11pm to 1am for one year.
|-
|[[Wisconsin]]
|align="center" |15 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |19 years
|align="center" |Passenger and nighttime driving restrictions removed after 9 months, or upon reaching the age of 18 whichever is sooner. License holder is subject to enhanced penalties until they have three years of experience, or reach the age of 21, whichever comes sooner.
|-
|[[Wyoming]]
|align="center" |14 years, 6 months
|align="center" |16 years
|align="center" |16 years, 6 months
|align="center" |No more than one passenger under 18 for the first six months.
|}


== Appearances ==
== Decline in licensing among young people in the U.S. ==
In the past decade, fewer and fewer teenagers are getting driver's licenses. According to a [[December 2]], [[2004]] [[Los Angeles Times]] article, only 43% of American 15-, 16-, and 17-year olds had licenses in 2002.<ref>[http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/.html?dids=:&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+2%2C+2004&author=Shawn+Hubler&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=COLUMN+ONE LA Times - "Licenses Take a Back Seat"]</ref> By comparison, the percentage in 1982 was 52%. The rate is even lower in some states (e.g., 9% in [[Missouri]]). The decrease in percentages are said to be due to the many restrictions that an average teen must face overall in order to obtain the licenses.


=== In the ''Saw'' films ===
For example, in [[California]], newly licensed minors must wait a year before they can drive with other minors in their car, and cannot drive during certain hours of the night due to California's [[curfew|youth curfew]]. Thus, a minor can only drive with his or her friends in the car for at most one year before the minor becomes an adult.


<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:SawBillyDoll.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Billy congratulates Amanda for surviving her test|{{deletable image-caption|1=Saturday, 6 September 2008}}]] -->
== Use as identification and proof of age==


In the first ''Saw'' movie, Billy is seen on a television set by [[Amanda Young|Amanda]], telling her about the [[List of traps in the Saw film series#Jaw splitter (a.k.a: Reverse bear trap)|contraption]] wired into her jaws. Once Jigsaw explains where she must find the key to unlock the trap, Billy is seen again, congratulating Amanda on her success, wheeling into the room on his tricycle to deliver the message of her freedom.
Driver's licenses issued in the United States have a number or [[alphanumeric]] code issued by the [[Department of Motor Vehicles]] (or equivalent), usually show a [[photograph]] of the bearer, as well as a copy of his or her [[signature]], the [[address]] of his or her primary residence, the type or class of license, restrictions and/or endorsements (if any), the physical characteristics of the bearer (such as height, weight, hair color, and sometimes even skin color), and birth date. Each driver's license number issued by an authority is unique to that authority, i.e. no two driver's license numbers issued by a state are alike. [[Social Security number]]s are becoming less common on driver's licenses, due to [[identity theft]] concerns. In some states the orientation of a provisional driver's license (for those under the age of 21) is vertical while a regular driver's license (for those over the age of 21) is horizontal. Most states require that when a driver establishes residence in a state, he or she must obtain a license issued by that state within a certain time frame.


Later, [[Adam Faulkner|Adam]] remembers seeing the puppet in his apartment when the lights went out. While searching through the dark rooms using his camera flash, the puppet's eerie laugh rings through the apartment, and Adam hits it with his bat until it stops.
Because there is no [[national identity card]] in the United States, the driver's license is often used as the ''de facto'' equivalent for completion of many common business (and governmental) transactions. As a result, driver's licenses are the focus of many kinds of [[identity theft]]. Driver's licenses were not always identification cards. Indeed, in many states, driver's licenses did not even have a photograph well into the 1980s. Activism by the [[Mothers Against Drunk Driving]] organization for the use of [[photo identification|photo ID]] age verification in conjunction with increasing the [[drinking age]] to 21 in order to reduce underage drinking led to photographs being added to all state licenses. [[New York]] and [[Tennessee]] were the last states to add photos in 1986. However, New Jersey later allowed older drivers to get non-photo licenses; this was later revoked. Vermont license holders have the option of receiving a non photo license. Later additions varied from state to state, and have included fingerprints, bar codes, magnetic strips, social security numbers and tamper-proof features, most of which were added to prevent identity theft and to curb the use of [[fake ID]]s. States have now slowly been converting to digitized driver's licenses which incorporate holographs and bar codes to prevent forgery.


When [[List of Saw characters#David Tapp|Detectives Tapp]] and [[List of Saw characters#Steven Sing|Sing]] uncover Jigsaw's latest hideout, they snoop around his desk, pulling off many blankets to reveal the different contraptions of the sick mastermind. The two detectives are shocked when they find the Billy puppet staring back at them under one of the blankets.
===Non-driver identification cards===
In the case that a person lacks a driver's license, due to medical reasons, a license suspension, or simply being a non-driver or failing a Driving test, a state identification card can be issued by the [[Department of Motor Vehicles|DMV]] in its place which typically resembles a license and has the same security and identification features as a license but without extending driving privileges.


In the second ''Saw'' movie, Billy is seen on the screen at the beginning of the film, giving [[List of Saw characters#Michael|Michael]] hints about the [[List of traps in the Saw film series#Head trap|death mask]] he's wearing.
===Enhanced driver's licenses===
Additionally, some states (usually ones with an international border such as [[Vermont]] and [[Washington]]) are issuing '''Enhanced Driver's Licenses,''' and enhanced State ID cards. Enhanced licenses essentially combine a regular driver's license with the same specifications of the new Federal [[passport card]]. Thus in addition to proving driving privileges, the enhanced license also is proof of U.S. citizenship, and can therefore be used to cross the US/Canadian and US/Mexican border by road, rail, or sea, but not air (this will always require a traditional [[passport]] book due to [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] regulations).<ref>[http://www.dhs.gov/xtrvlsec/crossingborders/gc_1197575704846.shtm Enhanced Drivers Licenses: What Are They?], retrieved [[April 2]], [[2008]].</ref> The enhanced licenses are also fully [[Real ID]] compliant.


Later, when the detectives discover Jigsaw's new hideout, several officers rush up a [[List of traps in the Saw film series#Electrified staircase|caged staircase]], and are greeted by Billy, who wheels into sight at the top of the stairs on his tricycle, where he lets off his laugh. The fence around the stairs then becomes electrified after one of the rigged steps sets off the trap.
On [[March 27]], [[2008]], the Secretary of Homeland Security announced that Washington's enhanced driver's license<ref>[http://www.dol.wa.gov/driverslicense/edl.html Enhanced Driver License/ID Card (EDL/ID)]</ref> was the first such license approved under the [[Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative]];<ref>[http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/pr_1206634226418.shtm Homeland Security and State Departments Announce WHTI Land and Sea Final Rule], retrieved [[April 2]], [[2008]].</ref> according to a Homeland Security press release, the department is also working with Arizona, New York, and Vermont authorities to develop enhanced driver's licenses.<ref>[http://www.dhs.gov/xnews/releases/pr_1206635771151.shtm Publication of Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) Land and Sea Final Rule, Questions and Answers], retrieved [[April 2]], [[2008]].</ref> Texas was expected to also implement an enhanced driver's license program, but the program has been blocked by Texas Gov. [[Rick Perry]], despite a state law authorizing the [[Texas Department of Public Safety]] to issue EDLs and a ruling by the state attorney general, [[Greg Abbott]], that Texas' production of EDLs would comply with federal requirements.<ref>[http://newspapertree.com/press_releases/270-perry-denies-enhanced-driver-s-license-program Perry Denies Enhanced Driver's License Program], retrieved [[April 2]], [[2008]].</ref><ref>[http://cbs11tv.com/local/Greg.Abbott.Citizenship.2.635874.html AG Gives Conditional Approval To Enhanced License], retrieved [[April 2]], [[2008]].</ref>
{{-}}

[[Image:Jigsawpaintbrushmouth.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Jigsaw constructing Billy]]

In the third movie, Jigsaw can be seen constructing Billy in a flashback, painting the puppet's face. Later, Billy is used to inform both [[List of Saw characters#Troy|Troy]] and [[Allison Kerry|Kerry]] of their respective traps. The puppet is also seen in the background of a flashback that features Jigsaw and Amanda discussing her loyalty.

He is also used to remind [[Reinhart family#Jeff Reinhart|Jeff Reinhart]] of his dead son at one point, by being laid down next to his bike (in the same position as Jeff's son when he was killed). He then lets off a mocking laugh.
After Jeff cuts Jigsaw's throat, a reflection of Billy can be seen on Jigsaw's heart rate monitor for a split second.

Before ''Saw III'''s release, Billy was used in videos to promote the film on such sites as [[YouTube]] and [[MySpace]].
{{-}}

[[Image:Billy'sFaceGoesBoom.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Billy's face is blown apart as part of a trap.]]

Billy is first seen in ''Saw IV'' when [[Rigg (Saw)|Rigg]] awakes after being attacked in his apartment and rendered unconscious. Rigg opens his bathroom door, pulling a trigger-wire from a TV set. Billy appears on the screen to explain Rigg's game. Upon leaving the room, Rigg is greeted by another message concerning his first test, referring to [[List of Saw characters#Brenda|a woman]] Jigsaw deemed to be a criminal that was stuck in a machine that would scalp her.

Agents [[List of Saw characters#Peter Strahm|Strahm]] and [[List of Saw characters#Lindsey Perez|Perez]] later find Billy in a [[List of traps in the Saw film series#Lindsey and Peter's tests|room in a school]], sitting on a chair surrounded by candles. Billy then tells Agent Perez that her partner would end up killing an innocent man (who would later be found out to be Jeff) and also that her next move is critical. Billy's eyes begin turning, and Perez leans in to examine them, at which point the face of the puppet explodes, blowing shrapnel into her face and neck. She is brought to the hospital in critical condition.

There is also a flashback of Jigsaw giving an early version of Billy to [[List of Saw characters#Jill Tuck|Jill]] as a gift, looking less menacing than the most recent version.<ref name=BobbyThePuppet>[http://cgi.ebay.com/BOBBY-PUPPET-PHOTO-USED-IN-SAW-4-HOFFMAN-INTERROGATION_W0QQitemZ260201446305QQihZ016QQcategoryZ60360QQssPageNameZWDVWQQrdZ1QQcmdZViewItem Bobby, the original Billy]</ref> An interview with Tobin Bell has revealed that this was the beginning of a storyline concerning the origins of Billy, as well as his tricycle, to be explored in future ''Saw'' films.<ref name=SawVBilly>[http://www.rabiddoll.com/index.php?p=102 'Saw V' To Explain Billy The Puppet]</ref>

Before ''Saw IV'''s release, Billy was used in videos to promote the film on such sites as YouTube and MySpace.

=== In other films by Wan and Whannell ===

Leigh Whannell stated at the world premiere of ''Dead Silence'' that he was going to put Billy in every movie he made from now on, but its presence might not be obvious.

==== ''Dead Silence'' ====

[[Image:BillyDeadSilence.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Billy at the bottom of the screen]]

In the 2007 film ''[[Dead Silence]]'' (which is made by James Wan and [[Leigh Whannell]], the creators of the ''Saw'' films), one of the puppets, who appears on the film's poster and wears the same outfit as Jigsaw's puppet, is named Billy. The ''Saw'' puppet is also seen in the movie for a brief second, in a shot that reveals all of Mary Shaw's puppets in the attic above the theater.

==== ''Death Sentence'' ====

In ''[[Death Sentence (2007 film)|Death Sentence]]'' (which was directed by James Wan), Billy's face can be seen spray-painted on a wall in the background in two of the scenes.


== References ==
== References ==
<references/>


{{reflist}}
== See also ==

* [[Commercial driver's license]]

* [[Driver's licence in Canada]]
{{Saw Series}}

[[Category:Saw characters]]
[[Category:Horror film characters]]
[[Category:Fictional objects]]
[[Category:Fictional puppets]]


[[sv:Billy (Saw)]]
[[Category:Driving licences|USA]]

Revision as of 05:02, 11 October 2008

Saw prop
Billy
Gender: Male design
Relationships: John Kramer (creator and voice actor)
Purpose: To deliver messages to subjects of Jigsaw
Status: Inanimate
First Appearance: Saw

Billy is a puppet that has appeared in the Saw films. He was used by the series' primary antagonist John Kramer, the Jigsaw Killer, to communicate with his victims. Although he has never been identified in the actual films themselves, Billy is the name by which he is referred to by writers, directors and members of the cast and crew on documentaries and interviews. The name was given to him by his real-life creator James Wan, who is the director and co-writer of Saw. There is disagreement that the name is spelled Billie, although Wan himself spells it Billy.[1]

The main purpose of Billy is to deliver recorded messages to victims of Jigsaw's, often appearing on a television screen to distribute the details of the sadistic traps and the means of which the victims can survive.

Billy has a really big butt which is attractive. 

==

Headline text

Headline text

==


Recently, a line of replica Billy dolls has been released for consumer purchase, mainly through off-beat gift-stores. It retains the main characteristics of the doll, though is much cleaner in appearance. Billy Halloween masks have also been released for general consumer purchase.

Characteristics

Billy appears to be a ventriloquist's dummy, as his jaw is movable in order to give the suggestion that he is talking, although he is not used in the same manner, instead being seen moving "on his own". His face is white, and he has a protruding brow and cheeks that have red spirals painted on them. His red lips form a grin. His eyes are black, with red irises, and his head is topped with black, messy hair.

Billy is always depicted as wearing a black tuxedo, with a white undershirt and gloves, red bow tie, and red handkerchief in the breast pocket. He also has red Mary-Janes for shoes. In the short film, he is seen wearing a green bowler hat. He is often seen riding an old-fashioned, red tricycle. The only sound delivered "directly" by him is a generic electronic cackle much like one would find in a Halloween-type toy.

It was revealed in Saw IV that Billy's design was taken from a smaller, slightly different, version that John had shown to his then-wife, Jill.

Construction

File:OriginalBilly.JPG
Original concept art for Billy

According to Wan, the construction of the original puppet's face for Saw involved clay, papier-maché, and black ping-pong balls with the irises painted in for the eyes. He's also said to have paper-towel rolls somewhere part of him.[2] To make him move, the puppeteers pulled him along on a fishing line.

For Saw II, Billy was redesigned with mechanical features that could be controlled by a remote control, including his unhinged jaw and his eyes.

For Saw III, the prop crew was given the original puppet, but found it unfit to work, as time had damaged it. Instead, they recreated Billy, using water-jet-cut foam for his body instead of fiberglass, equipped with plates to hold the puppet together and magnets to attach him to his tricycle. The back of his head was removable, as to make it easier to slide the animatronic pieces in.

For Saw IV, the prop crew again made the body of water-jet-cut foam, held together by metal rods. They used strong magnets to make a flat rear for the puppet, so that it could be easily positioned on any metal surface. The resin-filled ping-pong ball eyes were controlled with a remote control, as was the mouth.[3]

Appearances

In the Saw films

In the first Saw movie, Billy is seen on a television set by Amanda, telling her about the contraption wired into her jaws. Once Jigsaw explains where she must find the key to unlock the trap, Billy is seen again, congratulating Amanda on her success, wheeling into the room on his tricycle to deliver the message of her freedom.

Later, Adam remembers seeing the puppet in his apartment when the lights went out. While searching through the dark rooms using his camera flash, the puppet's eerie laugh rings through the apartment, and Adam hits it with his bat until it stops.

When Detectives Tapp and Sing uncover Jigsaw's latest hideout, they snoop around his desk, pulling off many blankets to reveal the different contraptions of the sick mastermind. The two detectives are shocked when they find the Billy puppet staring back at them under one of the blankets.

In the second Saw movie, Billy is seen on the screen at the beginning of the film, giving Michael hints about the death mask he's wearing.

Later, when the detectives discover Jigsaw's new hideout, several officers rush up a caged staircase, and are greeted by Billy, who wheels into sight at the top of the stairs on his tricycle, where he lets off his laugh. The fence around the stairs then becomes electrified after one of the rigged steps sets off the trap.

File:Jigsawpaintbrushmouth.jpg
Jigsaw constructing Billy

In the third movie, Jigsaw can be seen constructing Billy in a flashback, painting the puppet's face. Later, Billy is used to inform both Troy and Kerry of their respective traps. The puppet is also seen in the background of a flashback that features Jigsaw and Amanda discussing her loyalty.

He is also used to remind Jeff Reinhart of his dead son at one point, by being laid down next to his bike (in the same position as Jeff's son when he was killed). He then lets off a mocking laugh. After Jeff cuts Jigsaw's throat, a reflection of Billy can be seen on Jigsaw's heart rate monitor for a split second.

Before Saw III's release, Billy was used in videos to promote the film on such sites as YouTube and MySpace.

File:Billy'sFaceGoesBoom.JPG
Billy's face is blown apart as part of a trap.

Billy is first seen in Saw IV when Rigg awakes after being attacked in his apartment and rendered unconscious. Rigg opens his bathroom door, pulling a trigger-wire from a TV set. Billy appears on the screen to explain Rigg's game. Upon leaving the room, Rigg is greeted by another message concerning his first test, referring to a woman Jigsaw deemed to be a criminal that was stuck in a machine that would scalp her.

Agents Strahm and Perez later find Billy in a room in a school, sitting on a chair surrounded by candles. Billy then tells Agent Perez that her partner would end up killing an innocent man (who would later be found out to be Jeff) and also that her next move is critical. Billy's eyes begin turning, and Perez leans in to examine them, at which point the face of the puppet explodes, blowing shrapnel into her face and neck. She is brought to the hospital in critical condition.

There is also a flashback of Jigsaw giving an early version of Billy to Jill as a gift, looking less menacing than the most recent version.[4] An interview with Tobin Bell has revealed that this was the beginning of a storyline concerning the origins of Billy, as well as his tricycle, to be explored in future Saw films.[5]

Before Saw IV's release, Billy was used in videos to promote the film on such sites as YouTube and MySpace.

In other films by Wan and Whannell

Leigh Whannell stated at the world premiere of Dead Silence that he was going to put Billy in every movie he made from now on, but its presence might not be obvious.

Dead Silence

File:BillyDeadSilence.JPG
Billy at the bottom of the screen

In the 2007 film Dead Silence (which is made by James Wan and Leigh Whannell, the creators of the Saw films), one of the puppets, who appears on the film's poster and wears the same outfit as Jigsaw's puppet, is named Billy. The Saw puppet is also seen in the movie for a brief second, in a shot that reveals all of Mary Shaw's puppets in the attic above the theater.

Death Sentence

In Death Sentence (which was directed by James Wan), Billy's face can be seen spray-painted on a wall in the background in two of the scenes.

References

  1. ^ Saw: Uncut special features
  2. ^ Saw DVD special features
  3. ^ eBay description
  4. ^ Bobby, the original Billy
  5. ^ 'Saw V' To Explain Billy The Puppet