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The '''Josutu League''' ( |
The '''Josutu League''' ({{lang-mn|ǰosutu-yin čiɣulɣan}}, {{MongolUnicode|ᠵᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ|style=max-height:2em;word-wrap:normal}} {{zh|t=卓索圖盟|p=Zhuōsuǒtú Méng}}) was the southernmost [[Leagues of China|league]] of Inner [[Mongolia during Qing rule]]. It occupied land that forms part of the modern-day Chinese provinces of [[Liaoning]], [[Hebei]], and [[Chifeng]] in China's [[Inner Mongolia]]. |
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The name of Josutu was named after a place in the [[ |
The name of Josutu was named after a place in the Tumed Right (wing) Banner (not [[Tumed Right Banner]]), where Mongol princes regularly gathered together to administer inter-banner affairs. |
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== Divisions == |
== Divisions == |
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The Josutu League consisted of two [[Aimag|ayimag]] or five [[ |
The Josutu League consisted of two [[Aimag|ayimag]] or five [[Banners of Inner Mongolia|banners]]. |
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* [[Tümed]] (or Eastern Tümed): two banners |
* [[Tümed]] {{MongolUnicode|ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ}} (or Eastern Tümed): two banners |
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** |
** Tümed Left Wing Banner (Mongghuljin Banner), led by descendants of [[Jelme]] |
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** |
** Tümed Right Wing Banner, led by descendants of the Chinggisid [[Altan Khan]] |
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* [[Kharachin]]: three banners, all of which were led by descendants of [[Jelme]] |
* [[Kharchin Mongols|Kharachin]] {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ}}: three banners, all of which were led by descendants of [[Jelme]] |
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** [[Kharachin Left Banner]] |
** [[Harqin Left Banner|Kharachin Left Banner]] |
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** [[Kharachin Middle Banner]] |
** [[Kharachin Middle Banner]] |
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** [[Kharachin Right Banner]] |
** [[Harqin Banner|Kharachin Right Banner]] |
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In addition, the Khalkha Banner (Tangghud-Khaklha Banner) was split from the Tümed Left Banner in 1913 under the Republic of China. |
In addition, the Khalkha Banner (Tangghud-Khaklha Banner) was split from the Tümed Left Banner in 1913 under the Republic of China. |
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== Dissolution == |
== Dissolution == |
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The league was dissolved in 1933 by the [[Manchukuo]] government. Its territory is now distributed among the modern administrative regions: |
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As a result of Chinese colonization, a large portion of the Mongol league was surrendered to Chinese administration: |
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* [[ |
* [[Fuxin County]] from the Tümed Left Banner. |
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* [[Chaoyang, Liaoning|Chaoyang County]] |
* [[Chaoyang, Liaoning|Chaoyang County]] from the Tümed Right Banner. |
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* [[Lingyuan, Liaoning|Lingyuan]] (or Jianchang) County |
* [[Lingyuan, Liaoning|Lingyuan]] (or Jianchang) County from the Kharachin Left Banner. |
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* [[Pingquan County |
* [[Pingquan County]] annexed a large portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners. |
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* [[Jianping County]] corresponds to an eastern portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners. |
* [[Jianping County]] corresponds to an eastern portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners. |
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[[Category:History of Inner Mongolia]] |
[[Category:History of Inner Mongolia]] |
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[[Category:History of Liaoning]] |
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[[zh:卓索圖盟]] |
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[[Category:History of Hebei]] |
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Latest revision as of 05:32, 24 August 2023
The Josutu League (Mongolian: ǰosutu-yin čiɣulɣan, ᠵᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ Chinese: 卓索圖盟; pinyin: Zhuōsuǒtú Méng) was the southernmost league of Inner Mongolia during Qing rule. It occupied land that forms part of the modern-day Chinese provinces of Liaoning, Hebei, and Chifeng in China's Inner Mongolia.
The name of Josutu was named after a place in the Tumed Right (wing) Banner (not Tumed Right Banner), where Mongol princes regularly gathered together to administer inter-banner affairs.
Divisions[edit]
The Josutu League consisted of two ayimag or five banners.
- Tümed ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ (or Eastern Tümed): two banners
- Tümed Left Wing Banner (Mongghuljin Banner), led by descendants of Jelme
- Tümed Right Wing Banner, led by descendants of the Chinggisid Altan Khan
- Kharachin ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ: three banners, all of which were led by descendants of Jelme
In addition, the Khalkha Banner (Tangghud-Khaklha Banner) was split from the Tümed Left Banner in 1913 under the Republic of China.
Dissolution[edit]
The league was dissolved in 1933 by the Manchukuo government. Its territory is now distributed among the modern administrative regions:
- Fuxin County from the Tümed Left Banner.
- Chaoyang County from the Tümed Right Banner.
- Lingyuan (or Jianchang) County from the Kharachin Left Banner.
- Pingquan County annexed a large portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners.
- Jianping County corresponds to an eastern portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners.
There remain two Mongol autonomous counties in Liaoning.
- Some portion of the former Tümed Left Banner became Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County, Fuxin City.
- The remaining portion of the former Kharachin Left Banner became Kharachin Left Wing Mongol Autonomous County, Chaoyang City.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- Yamazaki Sōyo 山崎惣與, Manshū-koku chimei daijiten 滿洲國地名大辭典, p.556,758, 1941.