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{{Short description|Species of grass}}
:''"Jointed Rush" redirects here. In North America, this usually refers to the [[Jointleaf Rush]] (''J. articulatus'')''
{{speciesbox
|image = Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis 11.JPG
|image_caption = ''Juncus kraussii'' subsp. ''australiensis''
⚫
|genus = Juncus
⚫
|species = kraussii
|authority = [[Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter|Hochst.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
|subdivision = '''''Juncus kraussii'' subsp. ''austerus''''' {{au|(Buchenau) Snogerup}}<br/>
'''''Juncus kraussii'' subsp. ''australiensis''''' {{au|(Buchenau) Snogerup}}<br/>
'''''Juncus kraussii'' subsp. ''kraussii'''''
⚫
}}


'''''Juncus kraussii''''' commonly known as '''salt marsh rush''', '''sea rush''', '''jointed rush''', '''matting rush''' or '''dune slack rush''', is of the [[monocot]] family [[Juncaceae]] and genus ''[[Juncus]]''. It grows in [[salt marsh]]es, [[estuary|estuarine]] and coastal areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/spaces/display.cfm?id=167|title=Birds in Backyards - Juncus kraussii |year=2007|access-date=2008-10-28}}</ref>
{{taxobox
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Monocots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Commelinids]]
|ordo = [[Poales]]
|familia = [[Juncaceae]]
⚫
|genus = ''[[Juncus]]''
⚫
|species = '''''J. kraussii'''''
|binomial = ''Juncus kraussii''
⚫
|}}
'''''Juncus kraussii''''' is a species of [[juncus|rush]] known by the common name '''Jointed Rush'''. It is native to temperate coastlines and estuaries of [[Australia]] flowering year round.


This species is ideal as a stabiliser in estuary banks and [[riparian]] zones that adjoin developed areas;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lhccrems.nsw.gov.au/CPR/CPR/plant_profiles/j.kraussii.htm |title=CPR Coastal Plant Regeneration - Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis |year=2008 |access-date=2008-10-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080904164945/http://www.lhccrems.nsw.gov.au/CPR/CPR/plant_profiles/j.kraussii.htm |archive-date=September 4, 2008 }}</ref><ref name=botanic/> it prevents erosion and also provides an excellent [[fibre]] for weaving.<ref name="plantzafrica2006">{{cite web|url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/planthij/juncuskraus.htm|title=PlantZAfrica.com - Juncus kraussii Hochst. |year=2006|access-date=2008-10-28}}</ref>
==External links==

*[http://www.alocasia.com.au/qld_saltmarsh_plants/herbarium/grasses-rushes-and-sedge-plants/jointed-rush Online Field guide to Common Saltmarsh Plants of Queensland]
The plant is named after a German [[naturalist]] and museum curator, [[Christian Krauss]], who travelled to [[South Africa]].

== Description ==
This species is a [[tussock (grass)|tussock]] shaped [[perennial]] with many [[rhizome]]s.<ref name="autogenerated2008">{{cite web|url=http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/1185|title=Florabase - Juncus kraussii Hochst. |year=2008|access-date=2008-10-28}}</ref>

The [[leaf|leaves]] are tough, straw shaped and spine-tipped that grow to be {{convert|40|cm|in}} - {{convert|150|cm|in}} in length with a golden brown or shiny black sheath. The inflorescences or flowers of ''J. kraussii'' are reddish brown to purplish brown in colour, {{convert|4|cm|in}} - {{convert|20|cm|in}} in length and are clustered toward the end of the stem. The flowers have clusters of three to six and flowering occurs in Summer between October and January.

== Distribution and habitat ==
The species occurs in all states of [[Australia]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Juncus~kraussii|title=PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online- ''Juncus kraussii'' Hochst.|year=2008|access-date=2008-10-28}}</ref><ref name=botanic/> [[New Zealand]]<ref>Bodmin, K.A., Champion, P.D., James, T., Burton, T. (2015) New Zealand Rushes: Juncus factsheets. Hamilton: NIWA</ref> Southern [[Africa]] and [[South America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kznwildlife.com/site/ecotourism/activities/flora/Wetlands/Juncus_kraussii_.html|title=Ezemvelo KZM Wildlife - Juncus Kraussii - Wetlands|year=2008|access-date=2008-10-28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120904073557/http://www.kznwildlife.com/site/ecotourism/activities/flora/Wetlands/Juncus_kraussii_.html|archive-date=2012-09-04}}</ref>

''Juncus kraussii'' is salt tolerant and favours a damp environment and is most often found in areas such as [[swamp]]s and [[brackish]] [[estuary|estuaries]]. The plant is able to grow in a range of soils from [[sand]]s to [[alluvium]].<ref name="autogenerated2008"/>

== Uses ==
''Juncus kraussii'' is harvested and weaved to produce traditional sleeping mats, baskets, beer strainers, and other craftwork items in many [[Zulu people|Zulu]] areas of [[South Africa]]. The plant is in great demand because of its economic value and has been extensively [[harvest]]ed in the wild. It is now [[Agriculture|cultivate]]d in many areas and is harvested yearly for a period of seven years in total.<ref name="plantzafrica2006"/>

The stems and leaves of ''Juncus kraussii'' were used by [[Indigenous Australians]] for [[fibre]], for string, [[fishing line]]s, woven rugs and [[basket-weaving|woven baskets]]. It is commonly used today for stabilisation of the banks of [[estuaries]], around [[salt marsh]]es and [[riparian]] zones next to sites developed for human use. It is also used in [[biofiltration]] systems and [[rain garden]]s.<ref name=botanic>{{cite web | title=Juncus kraussii | website=[[Botanic Gardens of South Australia]] | url=http://plantselector.botanicgardens.sa.gov.au/Plants/Details/3384 | access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|45em}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q6311864}}


[[Category:Juncus|kraussii]]
[[Category:Juncus|kraussii]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1845]]
[[Category:Flora of Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of Australia]]
[[Category:Flora of New Zealand]]
[[Category:Flora of Southern Africa]]
[[Category:Flora of Southern America]]

[[Category:Taxa named by Christian Ferdinand Friedrich Hochstetter]]
{{Poales-stub}}

Latest revision as of 08:56, 15 December 2023

Juncus kraussii
Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Juncaceae
Genus: Juncus
Species:
J. kraussii
Binomial name
Juncus kraussii
Subspecies

Juncus kraussii subsp. austerus (Buchenau) Snogerup
Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis (Buchenau) Snogerup
Juncus kraussii subsp. kraussii

Juncus kraussii commonly known as salt marsh rush, sea rush, jointed rush, matting rush or dune slack rush, is of the monocot family Juncaceae and genus Juncus. It grows in salt marshes, estuarine and coastal areas.[1]

This species is ideal as a stabiliser in estuary banks and riparian zones that adjoin developed areas;[2][3] it prevents erosion and also provides an excellent fibre for weaving.[4]

The plant is named after a German naturalist and museum curator, Christian Krauss, who travelled to South Africa.

Description[edit]

This species is a tussock shaped perennial with many rhizomes.[5]

The leaves are tough, straw shaped and spine-tipped that grow to be 40 centimetres (16 in) - 150 centimetres (59 in) in length with a golden brown or shiny black sheath. The inflorescences or flowers of J. kraussii are reddish brown to purplish brown in colour, 4 centimetres (1.6 in) - 20 centimetres (7.9 in) in length and are clustered toward the end of the stem. The flowers have clusters of three to six and flowering occurs in Summer between October and January.

Distribution and habitat[edit]

The species occurs in all states of Australia,[6][3] New Zealand[7] Southern Africa and South America.[8]

Juncus kraussii is salt tolerant and favours a damp environment and is most often found in areas such as swamps and brackish estuaries. The plant is able to grow in a range of soils from sands to alluvium.[5]

Uses[edit]

Juncus kraussii is harvested and weaved to produce traditional sleeping mats, baskets, beer strainers, and other craftwork items in many Zulu areas of South Africa. The plant is in great demand because of its economic value and has been extensively harvested in the wild. It is now cultivated in many areas and is harvested yearly for a period of seven years in total.[4]

The stems and leaves of Juncus kraussii were used by Indigenous Australians for fibre, for string, fishing lines, woven rugs and woven baskets. It is commonly used today for stabilisation of the banks of estuaries, around salt marshes and riparian zones next to sites developed for human use. It is also used in biofiltration systems and rain gardens.[3]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Birds in Backyards - Juncus kraussii". 2007. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
  2. ^ "CPR Coastal Plant Regeneration - Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis". 2008. Archived from the original on September 4, 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
  3. ^ a b c "Juncus kraussii". Botanic Gardens of South Australia. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  4. ^ a b "PlantZAfrica.com - Juncus kraussii Hochst". 2006. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
  5. ^ a b "Florabase - Juncus kraussii Hochst". 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
  6. ^ "PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online- Juncus kraussii Hochst". 2008. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
  7. ^ Bodmin, K.A., Champion, P.D., James, T., Burton, T. (2015) New Zealand Rushes: Juncus factsheets. Hamilton: NIWA
  8. ^ "Ezemvelo KZM Wildlife - Juncus Kraussii - Wetlands". 2008. Archived from the original on 2012-09-04. Retrieved 2008-10-28.
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