Philip of Dreux
Philip of Dreux (Philippe de Dreux) (1158-1217) was a French nobleman, Bishop of Beauvais, and figure of the Third Crusade.
He was an active soldier, an ally in the field of Philip Augustus, the French king and his cousin[1], making him an opponent in campaigns in France and elsewhere of Richard I of England. He was in also in demand as a priest, to make and break marriages. He presided over that of Conrad of Montferrat at the siege of Acre, marrying him to Isabella I of Jerusalem, daughter of Amalric I, whose divorce he had approved[2]. He was also party to the divorce of Philip Augustus from Ingeborg.[3]
Life
He was son of Robert I of Dreux, and brother of Robert II of Dreux.
He first campaigned in Palestine in 1180, in an expedition headed by Henry II of Champagne and Peter of Courtenay. This attack on Saladin's holdings was ineffectual.[4]
Robert II and Philip of Dreux arrived with forces in Palestine in 1189.[5] Philip was captured and taken to Baghdad.
Richard bore him a consistent enmity after the Crusade; Philip of Dreux had been one of those relaying the rumour that Richard was responsible for the killing of Conrad of Montferrat.[6][7][8] Subsequently Philip had gone to Germany, when Richard was imprisoned, to advocate against setting him free.[9]
He was captured again by Angevin forces under the mercenary leader Mercadier in a Normandy campaign, in 1197.[10] Richard was still refusing to release him a year later.[11], and again early in 1199.[12] Pope Celestine III was unsympathetic to Philip, confined at Rouen and then, after an escape attempt, at Chinon. He was freed only after Richard’s death in 1199, [13] with John of England agreeing to exchange him for the captured bishop-elect of Cambrai in 1200.[14]
He drew support from Philip Augustus in his conflict against Renaud de Dammartin, leading to Renaud's 1212 alliance with John.[15] Philip was later a combattant on the victorious French side in 1214 at the Battle of Bouvines.[16][17] He took a mace to William Longsword, Earl of Salisbury, at an important moment in the battle, leading to the Earl’s capture.[18]
References
- Peter Boyle, Blondel's Song
- Jim Bradbury, Philip Augustus
- John Gillingham, Richard the Lionheart
- Steven Runciman, A History of the Crusades (three volumes)
Notes
- ^ Bradbury, p. 198.
- ^ Boyle, p. 63.
- ^ Boyle, p. 205.
- ^ Runciman II, p. 421.
- ^ http://www.packrat-pro.com/crusades/crusade3.htm
- ^ Bradbury p. 94.
- ^ Boyle, p. 100.
- ^ Runciman III, pp. 64-5.
- ^ Bradbury, p. 122, p. 201.
- ^ Gillingham, p. 268.
- ^ Gillingham, p. 274.
- ^ Bradbury, p. 125.
- ^ Bradbury, p. 122-3.
- ^ Bradbury, p. 133.
- ^ Bradbury, p. 291.
- ^ Boyle, p. 257.
- ^ Bradbury, p. 301.
- ^ Bradbury, p. 307.