Ndali language: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Bantu language spoken in Tanzania}}
{{orphan|date=September 2008}}
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{{Infobox language

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|name=Ndali
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{{Infobox Language
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|nativename=''Chindali''
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|name=Chisukwa
|states=[[Tanzania]], [[Malawi]]
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|nativename=Chisukwa
|ethnicity=[[Ndali people|Ndali]]
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|speakers=220,000
|date=1987–2003
|ref = e18
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|familycolor=Niger-Congo
|states=[[Malawi]]
|fam2=[[Atlantic–Congo]]
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|fam3=[[Benue–Congo]]
|region=Misuku Hills
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|fam4=[[Southern Bantoid]]
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|speakers=~1000
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|fam5=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]
|fam2=[[Atlantic-Congo]]
|fam6=[[Rukwa languages|Rukwa]]
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|fam3=[[Benue-Congo]]
|fam7=Rungwe
|fam4=[[Bantoid]]
|iso3=ndh
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|fam5=[[Southern Bantoid]]
|glotto=ndal1241
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|fam6=[[Bantu languages|Bantu]]}}
|glottorefname=Ndali
|guthrie=M.301
}}


'''Ndali''', or '''''Chindali''''', is a [[Bantu language]] spoken by an increasing population in southern [[Tanzania]] of 150,000 (1987) and in northern [[Malawi]] by 70,000 (2003).
'''Chisukwa''' is a [[Bantu languages|Bantu]] language spoken in northern [[Malawi]], in the Misuku Hills region. The language is [[endangered language|critically endangered]], with less than 1000 native speakers extant.

Sukwa, or Chisukwa, spoken in the [[Misuku Hills]] of northern [[Malawi]], is closely related to [[Ndali people|Ndali]], and both languages are fairly close to [[Lambya language|Lambya]].<ref>[http://unima-cls.org/Docs/MappingNorthernMalawi/lm-northernmalawi.pdf The University of Malawi Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi (2006), p. 16.]</ref>

The examples below come in the order Lambya, Ndali, [[Sukwa dialect|Sukwa]], showing the similarity of vocabulary:<ref>[http://unima-cls.org/Docs/MappingNorthernMalawi/lm-northernmalawi.pdf The University of Malawi Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi (2006)], pp. 70–71.</ref>

*Person = {{lang|lai|umunthu}}, {{lang|ndh|umundu}}, ''umundu''
*Grasshopper = {{lang|lai|imphanzi}}, {{lang|ndh|imbashi}}, ''imbasi''
*Scorpion = {{lang|lai|kalizga}}, {{lang|ndh|kalisha}}, ''kalisya''
*Maize = {{lang|lai|ivilombe}}, {{lang|ndh|ifilombe}}, ''ifilombe''
*Dog = {{lang|lai|imbwa}}, {{lang|ndh|ukabwa}}, ''ukabwa''
*Bird = {{lang|lai|chiyuni}}, {{lang|ndh|kayuni}}, ''kayuni''
*Snail = {{lang|lai|inkhozo}}, {{lang|ndh|ingofu}}, ''ingofo''

==Further reading==
* Botne, R. (2008). ''Grammatical Sketch of Chindali: Malawian Variety.'' Darby: Diane.
* Botne, R. and Schaffer, L. (2008). ''A Chindali and English Dictionary with an Index to ProtoBantu Roots: The Chindali Language of Malawi. Vol 1.'' Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
⚫
* Kershner, Tiffany (2001). "Imperfectivity in Chisukwa" in ''Explorations in African Linguistics: From Lamso to Sesotho'', eds. Robert Botne and Rose Vondrasek, Bloomington: Indiana University Working Papers in Linguistics, pp.&nbsp;37–52.
* Mtenje, Atikonda (2016). [https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/item/26382/thesis_hum_2016_mtenje_atikonda.pdf?sequence=1 ''A comparative analysis of the Phonology and Morpho-syntax of Cisukwa, Cindali and Cilambya'']. (University of Cape Town PhD thesis)
* Swilla, Imani N. (1998). ''Tenses in Chindali''. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere (AAP) 54. 95–125.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
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* Kershner, Tiffany (2001) - "'''Imperfectivity in Chisukwa'''," pp. 37-52. ''Explorations in African Linguistics: From Lamso to Sesotho'', eds. Robert Botne and Rose Vondrasek, Bloomington: Indiana University Working Papers in Linguistics


==External links==
==External links==
{{refbegin}}
* [http://www.ksu.edu/sasw/anthro/kershner.htm Faculty page] for Dr. Kershner, an expert on the linguistic structure of Chisukwa.
*[http://unima-cls.org/Docs/MappingNorthernMalawi/lm-northernmalawi.pdf Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi]. University of Malawi Centre for Language Studies, 2006. Contains comparative vocabulary and a short text (the Tortoise and the Hare) in Chindali and other languages.
*[http://unima-cls.org/Docs/MappingNorthernMalawi/mw-north-a4.jpg Language Map of Northern Malawi]
*[http://www.gu.se/digitalAssets/1316/1316287_linguistics-in-the-corridor.pdf Paper by Martin Walsh and Imani Swilla on South-West Tanzanian languages (2002)]
{{refend}}

{{Languages of Malawi}}
{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)}}


[[Category:Languages of Malawi]]
[[Category:Languages of Malawi]]
[[Category:Rukwa languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Tanzania]]



{{nc-language-stub}}
{{Bantu-lang-stub}}
{{Malawi-stub}}
{{Malawi-stub}}

Latest revision as of 03:58, 5 March 2024

Ndali
Chindali
Native toTanzania, Malawi
EthnicityNdali
Native speakers
(220,000 cited 1987–2003)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3ndh
Glottologndal1241
M.301[2]

Ndali, or Chindali, is a Bantu language spoken by an increasing population in southern Tanzania of 150,000 (1987) and in northern Malawi by 70,000 (2003).

Sukwa, or Chisukwa, spoken in the Misuku Hills of northern Malawi, is closely related to Ndali, and both languages are fairly close to Lambya.[3]

The examples below come in the order Lambya, Ndali, Sukwa, showing the similarity of vocabulary:[4]

  • Person = umunthu, umundu, umundu
  • Grasshopper = imphanzi, imbashi, imbasi
  • Scorpion = kalizga, kalisha, kalisya
  • Maize = ivilombe, ifilombe, ifilombe
  • Dog = imbwa, ukabwa, ukabwa
  • Bird = chiyuni, kayuni, kayuni
  • Snail = inkhozo, ingofu, ingofo

Further reading[edit]

  • Botne, R. (2008). Grammatical Sketch of Chindali: Malawian Variety. Darby: Diane.
  • Botne, R. and Schaffer, L. (2008). A Chindali and English Dictionary with an Index to ProtoBantu Roots: The Chindali Language of Malawi. Vol 1. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
  • Kershner, Tiffany (2001). "Imperfectivity in Chisukwa" in Explorations in African Linguistics: From Lamso to Sesotho, eds. Robert Botne and Rose Vondrasek, Bloomington: Indiana University Working Papers in Linguistics, pp. 37–52.
  • Mtenje, Atikonda (2016). A comparative analysis of the Phonology and Morpho-syntax of Cisukwa, Cindali and Cilambya. (University of Cape Town PhD thesis)
  • Swilla, Imani N. (1998). Tenses in Chindali. Afrikanistische Arbeitspapiere (AAP) 54. 95–125.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Ndali at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  3. ^ The University of Malawi Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi (2006), p. 16.
  4. ^ The University of Malawi Language Mapping Survey for Northern Malawi (2006), pp. 70–71.

External links[edit]


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