Kinyarwanda

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Kinyarwanda

Spoken in

Rwanda , Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda
speaker 7.2 million
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Official language in RwandaRwanda Rwanda
Recognized minority /
regional language in 		UgandaUganda Uganda
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

rw

ISO 639 -2

kin

ISO 639-3

kin

Kinyarwanda , also Kinjaruanda or Rwandan , is a Bantu language with over seven million speakers that is widespread in Rwanda as well as in neighboring areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda . It is the mother tongue of Hutu , Tutsi , Banyamulenge, and Twa .

Along with French and English, Kinyarwanda is the official language in Rwanda and practically identical to Kirundi , the language of the neighboring state of Burundi . At the beginning of the 20th century, under the German colonial era in Rwanda-Urundi , a Latin-based script was used.

Kinyarwanda as a spoken language (Wikitongues project)



literature

  • Ritinywa Furere, Annie Rialland: Tons et accents en kinyarwanda . In: D. Goyvaerts (ed.) African Linguistics. John Benjamin, Amsterdam 1985. pp. 99-166.
  • Francis Jouannet (ed.): Modèles en tonologie (Kirundi et Kinyarwanda). Éditions du Center National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris 1989.
  • Alexandre Kimenyi: Grammatical tone neutralization in Kinyarwanda. Studies in African Linguistics 9 (1978). Pp. 303-317.
  • Alexandre Kimenyi: Studies in Kinyarwanda and Bantu Phonology. Linguistic Research Inc., Carbondale 1979.
  • Alexandre Kimenyi: A Relational Grammar of Kinyarwanda. University of California Press, Berkeley 1980.
  • Alexandre Kimenyi: A Tonal Grammar of Kinyarwanda - An Autosegmental and Metrical Analysis. Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston (NY) 2002.
  • Scott Myers: F0 timing in Kinyarwanda. Phonetica 60 (2003). Pp. 71-97.
  • Scott Myers: Vowel duration and neutralization of vowel length contrasts in Kinyarwanda. Journal of Phonetics 33 (2005). Pp. 427-446.
  • Christian M. Overdulve: Apprendre la langue rwanda. Mouton, The Hague 1975.
  • Pierre Schumacher: Dictionnaire Phonétique: Français-Runyarwanda, Runyarwanda-Fran ?? ais. Vicariat Apostolique de Kabgayi, Kabgayi 1954.
  • Leonidas Sibomana: Descriptive Tonology of Kinyarwanda. Helmut Buske Verlag, Hamburg 1974.
  • Rachel L. Walker, Dani Byrd, Fidèle Mpiranya: An articulatory view of Kinyarwanda coronal harmony. Phonology 25 (2008). Pp. 499-535.
  • Elisabeth Walli-Sagey: On the representation of complex segments and their formation in Kinyarwanda. In: L. Wetzels, E. Sezer (Eds.): Studies in Compensatory Lengthening. Foris, Dordrecht 1986. pp. 251-295.

Web links

Wiktionary: Kinyarwanda  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul M. Lewis, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.): Ethnologue: Languages ​​of the World , 17th ed., SIL International: Dallas, Texas 2013.