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==Distribution and habitat==
==Distribution and habitat==
''Pseudomyrmex'' is predominantly [[Neotropical]] in distribution, but a few species are known from the [[Nearctic]] region.<ref name="Ward 1985"/> Most species are generalist twig nesters, for instance, ''[[Pseudomyrmex pallidus]]'' may nest in the hollow stems of dead grasses, twigs of [[herbaceous plants]], and in dead, woody twigs.<ref name="Ward 1985">{{cite journal |author=Phillip S. Ward |year=1985 |title=The Neartic species of the genus ''Pseudomyrmex'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |journal=[[Quaestiones Entomologicae]] |volume=21 |pages=209–246 |url=https://archive.org/details/ants_02952}}</ref> However, the genus is best known for several species that are obligate [[mutualists]] with certain species of ''[[Acacia]]''.<ref>Gómez-Acevedo, Sandra; Rico-Arce, Lourdes; Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Magallón, Susana; Eguiarte, Luis E. Neotropical mutualism between Acacia and Pseudomyrmex: Phylogeny and divergence times. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (2010) 393–408</ref> Other species have evolved obligate mutualism with other trees; for example ''[[Pseudomyrmex triplarinus]]'' is obligately dependent on any of a few trees in the genus ''[[Triplaris]]''.<ref name=la>Larrea-Alcázar, D. M. and J. A. Simonetti. (2007). [http://www.conservacion.cl/Quienes/JAS/165.pdf Why are there few seedlings beneath the myrmecophyte ''Triplaris americana''?.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002053626/http://www.conservacion.cl/Quienes/JAS/165.pdf |date=2013-10-02 }} ''Acta Oecologica'' 32(1) 112–18.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ward|first=Philip S.|title=Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris- and Tachigali-inhabiting ants|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1 August 1999|volume=126|issue=4|pages=451–540|doi=10.1006/zjls.1998.0158|doi-access=free}}</ref>
''Pseudomyrmex'' is predominantly [[Neotropical]] in distribution, but a few species are known from the [[Nearctic]] region.<ref name="Ward 1985"/> Most species are generalist twig nesters, for instance, ''[[Pseudomyrmex pallidus]]'' may nest in the hollow stems of dead grasses, twigs of [[herbaceous plants]], and in dead, woody twigs.<ref name="Ward 1985">{{cite journal |author=Phillip S. Ward |year=1985 |title=The Neartic species of the genus ''Pseudomyrmex'' (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |journal=[[Quaestiones Entomologicae]] |volume=21 |pages=209–246 |url=https://archive.org/details/ants_02952}}</ref> However, the genus is best known for several species that are obligate [[mutualists]] with certain species of ''[[Acacia sensu lato|Acacia]]''.<ref>Gómez-Acevedo, Sandra; Rico-Arce, Lourdes; Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Magallón, Susana; Eguiarte, Luis E. Neotropical mutualism between Acacia and Pseudomyrmex: Phylogeny and divergence times. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (2010) 393–408</ref> Other species have evolved obligate mutualism with other trees; for example ''[[Pseudomyrmex triplarinus]]'' is obligately dependent on any of a few trees in the genus ''[[Triplaris]]''.<ref name=la>Larrea-Alcázar, D. M. and J. A. Simonetti. (2007). [http://www.conservacion.cl/Quienes/JAS/165.pdf Why are there few seedlings beneath the myrmecophyte ''Triplaris americana''?.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002053626/http://www.conservacion.cl/Quienes/JAS/165.pdf |date=2013-10-02 }} ''Acta Oecologica'' 32(1) 112–18.</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Ward|first=Philip S.|title=Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris- and Tachigali-inhabiting ants|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|date=1 August 1999|volume=126|issue=4|pages=451–540|doi=10.1006/zjls.1998.0158|doi-access=free}}</ref>


==Species==
==Species==

Latest revision as of 23:23, 6 April 2024

Pseudomyrmex
Pseudomyrmex gracilis (elongate twig ant) worker
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Pseudomyrmecinae
Tribe: Pseudomyrmecini
Genus: Pseudomyrmex
Lund, 1831
Type species
Formica gracilis[1]
Fabricius, 1804
Diversity[2]
146 species
Synonyms[3]

Apedunculata Enzmann, 1944
Clavanoda Enzmann, 1944
Latinoda Enzmann, 1944
Leptalea Erichson, 1839
Myrmex Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Ornatinoda Enzmann, 1944
Pseudomyrma Guérin-Méneville, 1844
Triangulinoda Enzmann, 1944

Pseudomyrmex is a genus of stinging, wasp-like ants in the subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae. They are large-eyed, slender ants, found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the New World.

Distribution and habitat[edit]

Pseudomyrmex is predominantly Neotropical in distribution, but a few species are known from the Nearctic region.[4] Most species are generalist twig nesters, for instance, Pseudomyrmex pallidus may nest in the hollow stems of dead grasses, twigs of herbaceous plants, and in dead, woody twigs.[4] However, the genus is best known for several species that are obligate mutualists with certain species of Acacia.[5] Other species have evolved obligate mutualism with other trees; for example Pseudomyrmex triplarinus is obligately dependent on any of a few trees in the genus Triplaris.[6][7]

Species[edit]

See also: List of Pseudomyrmex species

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Genus: Pseudomyrmex". antweb.org. AntWeb. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  2. ^ Bolton, B. (2014). "Pseudomyrmex". AntCat. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  3. ^ Ward, P. S. (1990). "The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Generic revision and relationship to other formicids". Systematic Entomology. 15 (4): 449–489. Bibcode:1990SysEn..15..449W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00077.x. S2CID 86012514.
  4. ^ a b Phillip S. Ward (1985). "The Neartic species of the genus Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Quaestiones Entomologicae. 21: 209–246.
  5. ^ Gómez-Acevedo, Sandra; Rico-Arce, Lourdes; Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Magallón, Susana; Eguiarte, Luis E. Neotropical mutualism between Acacia and Pseudomyrmex: Phylogeny and divergence times. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (2010) 393–408
  6. ^ Larrea-Alcázar, D. M. and J. A. Simonetti. (2007). Why are there few seedlings beneath the myrmecophyte Triplaris americana?. Archived 2013-10-02 at the Wayback Machine Acta Oecologica 32(1) 112–18.
  7. ^ Ward, Philip S. (1 August 1999). "Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris- and Tachigali-inhabiting ants". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 126 (4): 451–540. doi:10.1006/zjls.1998.0158.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudomyrmex&oldid=1217627175"