Scandoromani: Difference between revisions

Scandoromani
Scandoromani
Native to	Norway, Sweden, Denmark
Native speakers	c. 100–150 (2014); Speakers mostly elderly. More people speak Swedish with some Roma vocabulary.
Language family	Para-Romani, mixed Romani–Scandinavian
Official status
Official language in	recognised minority language in; Norway (1993); Sweden (1999)
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Variously:; rmg – Traveller Norwegian; rmu – Tavringer Romani (Sweden); rmd – Traveller Danish
Glottolog	trav1236 Norwegian; tavr1235 Swedish; trav1237 Danish
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 20:45, 17 January 2024

Scandoromani is a North Germanic based Para-Romani language. It is spoken by the Scandinavian Romanisæl Travellers, a Romani minority community, in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly speakers),^[1] and formerly in Sweden.

Subforms are referred to as:

Traveller Norwegian (tavringens rakripa, lit. 'Traveller's language'),^[2]^[3] Norwegian: romani or norsk romani (Norwegian Romani), in Norway (the Romani language of the Norwegian Roma is referred to as romanes in Norwegian);
Tavringer Romani,^[4] Traveller Swedish or Tattare,^[5] Swedish: svensk romani (Swedish Romani), in Sweden;
Traveller Danish^[6] in Denmark.

Like Angloromani in Britain and Caló in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a (now extinct) vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in Swedish or Norwegian grammar.

There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (ä, æ, ø, å) and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., tj- (/ɕ/) or kj- (/ç/ alt. /tʃ/) to represent the Romani č /tʃ/ and čh /tʃʰ/. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: tjuro^[7] (S) / kjuro^[2] (N) 'knife'; gräj^[7] (S) / grei^[2] (N) 'horse'.

Notes[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c Carling, Lindell & Ambrazaitis (2014:5)
^ ^a ^b ^c Karlsen, Ludvig. "Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok". Landsorganisasjonen for Romanifolket (in Norwegian and Traveller Norwegian). Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2008.
^ "Traveller Norwegian in the Language Cloud". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
^ "Tavringer Romani in the Language Cloud". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
^ "Tavringer Romani". LLOW Language Server. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved January 26, 2022.
^ "Traveller Danish". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Resande Folkets Riksorganisation (2006)

References[edit]

Carling, Gerd; Lindell, Lenny; Ambrazaitis, Gilbert (2014), Scandoromani: Remnants of a Mixed Language, Leiden: Brill, ISBN 9789004266445
Resande Folkets Riksorganisation (2006), Ordlista i resandespråket romani (in Swedish and Traveller Norwegian) (2nd ed.), Malmö: Föreningen Resande Folkets Riksorganisation, ISBN 91-631-9668-9

External links[edit]

Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok at the Wayback Machine (archived May 17, 2008) (in Norwegian)
Norwegian Romani Dictionary (in Bokmål and English)
Examples of Tavringer Romani text from the websites of the Swedish Parliament and the Swedish Language Council (in Swedish)

[Carling-1] Carling, Lindell & Ambrazaitis (2014:5)

[TRRO-2] Karlsen, Ludvig. "Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok". Landsorganisasjonen for Romanifolket (in Norwegian and Traveller Norwegian). Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved November 18, 2008.

[3] "Traveller Norwegian in the Language Cloud". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.

[4] "Tavringer Romani in the Language Cloud". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.

[5] "Tavringer Romani". LLOW Language Server. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved January 26, 2022.

[6] "Traveller Danish". Ethnologue. Retrieved September 3, 2019.

[ORR-7] Resande Folkets Riksorganisation (2006)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Mixed language spoken in Scandinavia}}
 {{use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}
 {{Infobox language
 | name             = Scandoromani
-| altname          = Tater Language
+| altname          =
-| nativename       = ''Rom(m)ani; Romani rakripa''
+| nativename       =
-| states           = [[Norway]]
+| states           = [[Norway]], [[Sweden]], [[Denmark]]
 | speakers         = c. 100–150
 | date             = 2014
-| ref              = <ref name="Carling">Carling et al., 2014, ''Scandoromani: Remnants of a Mixed Language''. Leiden: Brill.</ref>
+| ref              = <ref name=Carling>{{Harvcoltxt|Carling|Lindell|Ambrazaitis|2014|p=5}}</ref>
-| speakers2        = Speakers mostly elderly.  More people speak Swedish with some Roma vocabulary.<ref name="Carling" />
+| speakers2        = Speakers mostly elderly.  More people speak Swedish with some Roma vocabulary.<ref name=Carling/>
 | familycolor      = mixed
-| family           = [[mixed language|mixed]] [[Romani language|Romani]]–[[Scandinavian languages|Scandinavian]]
+| family           = [[Para-Romani]], [[mixed language|mixed]] [[Romani language|Romani]]–[[Scandinavian languages|Scandinavian]]
 | nation           = recognised minority language in<br>{{NOR}} (1993)<br>{{SWE}} (1999)
 | lc1              = rmg
@@ Line 25: / Line 26: @@
 | glottorefname2   = Tavringer Romani
 | glotto3          = trav1237
-| glottoname3      = Traveller Danish
+| glottoname3      = Danish
 | glottorefname3   = Traveller Danish
 | notice           = IPA
 }}
-'''Scandoromani''' ({{lang-rmu|romani rakripa}}<ref>Cf. [[:nn:Romani rakripa|Romani rakripa]]</ref>{{citation needed}} alt. ''tavringens rakripa''<ref name="TRRO" /><ref>A recent suggestion apparently backed by the [[Swedish Language Council]] is to call the language ''Svedo romani'' (i.e. "Swedish Romani").[http://www.sprakradet.se/2967] This usage, however, is not widely documented among Scandoromani speakers.</ref>), also known as '''Traveller Norwegian''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/cloud/rmg|title=Traveller Norwegian in the Language Cloud|website=Ethnologue|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> '''Tavringer Romani''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/cloud/rmu|title=Tavringer Romani in the Language Cloud|website=Ethnologue|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> the '''Tattare language''',<ref>LLOW Language Server - [http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/lang?id=4511 Tavringer Romani]</ref> and '''Traveller Danish''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmd|title=Traveller Danish|website=Ethnologue|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> is a [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] based [[Para-Romani]]. It is spoken by the [[Norwegian and Swedish Travellers|Scandinavian Romanisæl Travellers]], a [[Romani people|Romani]] minority community, in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly speakers),<ref name="Carling" /> and formerly in Sweden.
+'''Scandoromani''' is a [[North Germanic languages|North Germanic]] based [[Para-Romani]] language. It is spoken by the [[Norwegian and Swedish Travellers|Scandinavian Romanisæl Travellers]], a [[Romani people|Romani]] minority community, in Norway (c. 100–150 elderly speakers),<ref name=Carling/> and formerly in Sweden.
+Subforms are referred to as:
-"Scandoromani" is a term coined by Lenny Lindell. In Sweden, Scandoromani is referred to as ''resande romani'' (Traveller Romani) or ''svensk romani'' (Swedish Romani), while in Norway the same language is known as ''norsk romani'' (Norwegian Romani).
+* '''Traveller Norwegian''' ({{lang|rmg|tavringens rakripa}}, [[Literal translation|lit.]] 'Traveller's language'),<ref name="TRRO">{{cite web|url=http://www.lor.no/lor/spraak.htm|title=Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok|last=Karlsen|first=Ludvig|website=Landsorganisasjonen for Romanifolket|language=no, rmg|access-date=November 18, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517183211/http://www.lor.no/lor/spraak.htm|archive-date=May 17, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/cloud/rmg|title=Traveller Norwegian in the Language Cloud|website=Ethnologue|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> Norwegian: ''{{lang|no|romani}}'' or ''{{lang|no|norsk romani}}'' (Norwegian Romani), in Norway (the [[Romani language|Romani]] language of the Norwegian Roma is referred to as ''{{lang|no|romanes}}'' in Norwegian);
+* '''Tavringer Romani''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/cloud/rmu|title=Tavringer Romani in the Language Cloud|website=Ethnologue|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> '''Traveller Swedish''' or '''Tattare''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/lang?id=4511|title=Tavringer Romani|website=LLOW Language Server|access-date=January 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615065020/http://languageserver.uni-graz.at/ls/lang?id=4511|archive-date=June 15, 2011}}</ref> Swedish: ''{{lang|sv|svensk romani}}'' (Swedish Romani), in Sweden;
+* '''Traveller Danish'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/rmd|title=Traveller Danish|website=Ethnologue|language=en|access-date=2019-09-03}}</ref> in Denmark.
 Like [[Angloromani language|Angloromani]] in Britain and [[Caló language|Caló]] in Spain, Scandoromani draws upon a (now extinct) vocabulary of inflected Romani. Much of the original Romani grammar, however, has been lost to the users, and they now communicate in [[Swedish language|Swedish]] or [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] grammar.
-There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (''ä'', ''æ'', ''ø'', ''å'') and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., ''tj-'' ({{IPAslink|ɕ}}) or ''kj-'' ({{IPAslink|ç}} alt. {{IPAslink|tʃ}}) to represent the Romani ''č'' {{IPAslink|tʃ}} and ''čh'' {{IPAslink|tʃʰ}}. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: ''tjuro''<ref name="ORR">{{cite book |title=Ordlista i resandespråket romani |author=Resande Folkets Riksorganisation |year=2006 |publisher=Föreningen Resande Folkets Riksorganisation |location=Malmö |edition=2nd |language=sv, rmg |isbn=91-631-9668-9}}</ref> (S) / ''kjuro''<ref name="TRRO">{{cite web|url=http://www.lor.no/lor/spraak.htm |title=Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok |last=Karlsen |first=Ludvig |publisher=Landsorganisasjonen for Romanifolket |language=no, rmg |access-date=November 18, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517183211/http://www.lor.no/lor/spraak.htm |archive-date=May 17, 2008}}</ref> (N) 'knife'; ''gräj''<ref name="ORR" /> (S) / ''grei''<ref name="TRRO" /> (N) 'horse'.
+There is no standardised form of Scandoromani, so variations exist in vocabulary, pronunciation, and usage, depending on the speaker. In print, Scandoromani words are often written with Swedish (S) or Norwegian (N) letters (''ä'', ''æ'', ''ø'', ''å'') and letter combinations to represent Romani sounds, e.g., ''tj-'' ({{IPAslink|ɕ}}) or ''kj-'' ({{IPAslink|ç}} alt. {{IPAslink|tʃ}}) to represent the Romani ''č'' {{IPAslink|tʃ}} and ''čh'' {{IPAslink|tʃʰ}}. Some examples of Scandoromani variant spellings are: {{Lang|rmu|tjuro}}<ref name="ORR">{{Harvcoltxt|Resande Folkets Riksorganisation|2006}}</ref> (S) / {{Lang|rmu|kjuro}}<ref name="TRRO" /> (N) 'knife'; {{Lang|rmu|gräj}}<ref name="ORR" /> (S) / {{Lang|rmu|grei}}<ref name="TRRO" /> (N) 'horse'.
 == See also ==
-* [[Kalo Finnish Romani language]]
+* [[Finnish Kalo language]]
 * [[Para-Romani]]
-== References ==
+==Notes==
-{{Reflist}}
+{{reflist|2}}
+==References==
-* [[Ian Hancock|Hancock, Ian]] (1992) "The Social and Linguistic Development of Scandoromani", Jahr, Ernst Håkon (ed.), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qfQ4iFhXx4YC&hl=en Language Contact: Theoretical and Empirical Studies]'', Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter, {{ISBN|3-11-012802-0}}, pp.&nbsp;37–52
+{{refbegin|2}}
-* 2014 Lenny Lindell – Scandoromani Remnants of a Mixed Language. (Brills) {{ISBN|9789004266445}}[3]
+* {{citation
+|last1=Carling
+|first1=Gerd
+|last2=Lindell
+|first2=Lenny
+|last3=Ambrazaitis
+|first3=Gilbert
+|title=Scandoromani: Remnants of a Mixed Language
+|location=Leiden
+|publisher=Brill
+|year=2014
+|isbn=9789004266445}}
+* {{citation
+|title=Ordlista i resandespråket romani
+|author=Resande Folkets Riksorganisation
+|year=2006
+|publisher=Föreningen Resande Folkets Riksorganisation
+|location=Malmö
+|edition=2nd
+|language=sv, rmg
+|isbn=91-631-9668-9}}
+{{refend}}
 == Suggested further reading ==
+* {{cite book|last1=Baardsen|first1=Gjest|author-link1=Gjest Baardsen|title=Vandrings- eller skøiersprog; med tillegg av F. L. Hartman og N. Olsen.|series=Ord og sed|number=132|location=Oslo|publisher=Noregs boklag Helge Refsum|language=no|year=1948}}
-* {{cite book |last1=Lindell |first1=Lenny |author-link=:sv:Lenny Lindell |last2=Thorbjörnsson-Djerf |first2=Kenth |editor1-first=Gerd |editor1-last=Carling |title=Ordbok över svensk romani: Resandefolkets språk och sånger |year=2008 |publisher=Podium |location=Stockholm |language=sv |isbn=978-91-89196-43-8 }} (A lexicon and grammatical overview of Swedish Scandoromani; includes several Traveller song texts ''in extenso'')
+* {{cite web|url=http://digitalarkivet.no/sab/taterspraaket.htm|title=Samling af de mest forrekommende Ord i det saakaldte Vandrings eller Skøiersprog|last=Baardsen|first=Gjest|access-date=January 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330212231/http://digitalarkivet.no/sab/taterspraaket.htm|archive-date=March 30, 2016|website=[[Digital Archives]]}}
-* [[Gjest Baardsen|Baardsen, Gjest]]: ''Vandrings- eller skøiersprog; med tillegg av F. L. Hartman og N. Olsen.'' (''Ord og sed''; 132) Oslo : Noregs boklag Helge Refsum, 1948
+* {{cite book|last=Hancock|first=Ian|author-link=Ian Hancock|editor-last=Håkon Jahr|editor-first=Ernst|chapter=The social and linguistic development of Scandoromani|title=Language Contact: Theoretical and Empirical Studies|series=Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs|number=60|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfQ4iFhXx4YC|location=Berlin, New York|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter|year=1992|pages=37–52|isbn=3-11-012802-0}}
-* [[Gjest Baardsen|Baardsen, Gjest]]: [http://digitalarkivet.no/sab/taterspraaket.htm "Samling af de mest forrekommende Ord i det saakaldte Vandrings eller Skøiersprog"] from [[Digital Archives]]
-* [[Ragnvald Iversen|Iversen, Ragnvald]]: ''The Rodi (Rotwelsch) in Norway.'' (''Secret languages in Norway''; 2) Oslo : I kommisjon hos Dybwad, 1945 [http://ask.bibsys.no/ask/action/show?pid=932610633&kid=biblio]
+* {{cite book|last=Iversen|first=Ragnvald|author-link=Ragnvald Iversen|title=The Rodi (Rotwelsch) in Norway|series=Secret languages in Norway|number=2|location=Oslo|publisher=I Kommisjon Hos Jacob Dybwad|year=1945}}
+* {{cite book|last=Karlsen|first=Ludvig|title=Romani-folkets ordbok : [tavringens rakripa : de reisendes språk : romani-norsk-engelsk]|location=Oslo|year=1993|language=rmg, no, en|isbn=8299236312}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Lindell|first1=Lenny|author-link=:sv:Lenny Lindell|last2=Thorbjörnsson-Djerf|first2=Kenth|editor1-first=Gerd|editor1-last=Carling|title=Ordbok över svensk romani: Resandefolkets språk och sånger|year=2008|publisher=Podium|location=Stockholm|language=sv|isbn=978-91-89196-43-8 }} (A lexicon and grammatical overview of Tavringer Romani; includes several Traveller song texts ''in extenso'')
+* {{Cite journal|title=Sigøjnersprog i Danmark|journal=Danske Studier|url=https://danskestudier.files.wordpress.com/2018/06/1923.pdf|last1=Miskow|first1=Johan|pages=97–145|last2=Brøndal|first2=Viggo|year=1923|language=da}}
+* {{Cite journal|title=The Gypsy Language of Denmark|journal=[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]]|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/593478.pdf|last=Dyneley Prince|first=J.|volume=45|pages=97–105|year=1925|doi=10.2307/593478 |jstor=593478 }}
 == External links ==
-* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080517183211/http://www.lor.no/lor/spraak.htm Traveller Norwegian-Norwegian word list] {{in lang|no}}
+* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517183211/http://www.lor.no/lor/spraak.htm|date=May 17, 2008|title=Tavringens Rakripa: Romanifolkets Ordbok}} {{in lang|no}}
+* [https://app.uio.no/hf/nro/ Norwegian Romani Dictionary] {{in lang|nb|en}}
-* Examples of Scandoromani text from the websites of the [http://www.riksdagen.se/templates/R_Page____12081.aspx Swedish Parliament] and the [http://www.sprakradet.se/resande Swedish Language Council]
+* Examples of Tavringer Romani text from the websites of the [https://www.riksdagen.se/sv-ROM-SR/sprak/other-languages/svensk-romani-romani-chib/ Swedish Parliament] and the [https://www.isof.se/sidor-pa-nationella-minoritetssprak/romani-chib/tavringer Swedish Language Council] {{in lang|sv}}
 {{Languages of Norway}}
 {{Languages of Sweden}}
+{{Languages of Denmark}}
 {{Romani languages}}
-[[Category:Romani in Denmark]]
 [[Category:Romani in Norway]]
 [[Category:Romani in Sweden]]
+[[Category:Romani in Denmark]]
 [[Category:Para-Romani]]
-[[Category:Languages of Denmark]]
 [[Category:Languages of Norway]]
 [[Category:Languages of Sweden]]
+[[Category:Languages of Denmark]]
 [[Category:Mixed languages]]
-{{Language-stub}}

v t e Languages of Norway
Official languages	Norwegian Bokmål Nynorsk Sámi Southern Lule Northern
Minority languages	Kven Romani Scandoromani
Sign languages	Norwegian Sign Language

v t e Languages of Sweden
Official language	Swedish
Recognized minority languages	Finnish Meänkieli Sámi Southern Ume Pite Lule Northern Romani Finnish Kalo Scandoromani Vlax dialects Balkan dialects Yiddish
Sign languages	Swedish Sign Language
Other languages	Dalecarlian East Danish Elfdalian Gutnish

Scandoromani: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 20:45, 17 January 2024

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

Suggested further reading[edit]

External links[edit]