Bokmål

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Map of the official standard writing language in Norwegian municipalities
  • Bokmål
  • Nynorsk
  • neutral

    • Bokmål ( German for  "book language" ) is one of the two official standard varieties of Norwegian . It was created through government reforms of Danish , which has long been used as an administrative language in Norway .

    Before 1929, Bokmål was called Riksmål ("Reich language"). Due to the shared cultural history of Denmark-Norway and its strong support, especially in the big cities, Bokmål is based on both Danish and certain urban dialects, especially the southeastern Norwegian of Oslo .

    The Bokmål is that the official varieties of today's Norwegian, the (estimates vary between 85 and 90 percent) by most Norwegians is written. The other variety, which is based on the rural dialects of Norway instead of Danish , is Nynorsk ("New Norwegian "), which was developed by the linguist Ivar Aasen in the mid-19th century. He undertook to create a new written language from mainly western and central Norwegian dialects . Since Nynorsk and Bokmål actually refer to written languages, there are no Norwegians who actually speak any of these variants . Nevertheless, many dialects can be better reproduced by Nynorsk, which often leads to the confusing statement that there are people who use Nynorsk as a spoken language.

    Linguistically, both varieties are described in detail in the article Norwegian language . A first clear feature for determining which variety a specific Norwegian text is are the indefinite articles :

    Bokmål Nynorsk German
    en rev a rev a fox
    en / ei jente ei that a girl
    et hus eit hus a house

    Laws and regulations do not exist in both varieties in Norway , but either on Bokmål or on Nynorsk. Around 85% of the current law in Norway was written on Bokmål in 1995.

    literature

    • Kurt Braunmüller: An overview of the Scandinavian languages . Francke, Tübingen 1991, ISBN 3-7720-1694-4 , chapter Bokmål , pages 112-146.

    Web links

    Wiktionary: Bokmål  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Språkrådet: Språkstatistikk - nokre nøkkeltal for norsk (Norwegian). ( Memento from January 7, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
    2. ↑ Oddmund Løkensgard Hoel: Nasjonalisme i norsk målstrid 1848–1865 (“Nationalism in the Norwegian language dispute 1848–1865 ”), Oslo, Noregs Forskingsråd, ISBN 82-12-00695-6 ( Krundalsbloggen, Norwegian).
    3. ↑ Lovdata - Hvorfor er noen lover og forskrifter på nynorsk ?, ( Memento of July 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Legal information website of the Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Law Faculty of the University of Oslo. Retrieved July 18, 2012 (Norwegian).
    4. ↑ Nynorsk faktabok 2005, Fig. 12.7 ( Memento from October 24, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 38 kB), website of the Ivar-Aasen-tunet . Retrieved July 18, 2012 (Norwegian).