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{{Short description|Genus of plants}}
{{taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|image =
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|display_parents = 2
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
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|taxon = Scaphopetalum
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
|authority = [[Maxwell T. Masters|Mast.]]
|ordo = [[Malvales]]
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}}
|familia = [[Malvaceae]]

|genus = '''''Scaphopetalum'''''
⚫
'''''Scaphopetalum''''' is a genus previously classified under the plant family [[Sterculiaceae]]. Currently, under the [[APG IV]] system the genus is placed under the subfamily [[Byttnerioideae]] of the family [[Malvaceae]] sensu lato. The distribution of the genus is restricted to the rain forests of Africa. In total 26 taxa have been described, 21 have been recognized (20 species and 1 variety), two invalid and one nomen nudus (without a formal description).
⚫
|}}
⚫
'''''Scaphopetalum''''' is a genus previously classified under the plant family [[Sterculiaceae]]. Currently, under the [[APG II]] system the genus is placed under the subfamily [[Byttnerioideae]] of the family [[ Malvaceae]] senso lato. The distribution of the genus is restricted to the rain forests of Africa. In total 26 taxa have been described, 21 have been recognized (20 species and 1 variety), two invalid and one nomen nudus (without a formal description).


==History==
==History==
The genus Scaphopetalum was first described by Master (1867), based on material from Equitorial Guinee (Mt.John) collected by G. Mann. Three species were described by M. T. Master, ''[[S. longe-penduculatum]]'', ''[[S. blackii]]'' and ''[[S. mannii]]''.
The genus ''Scaphopetalum'' was first described by Masters (1867),<ref>Master, M. T. (1869) On some points in morphology of the Malvales, together with a description of a new genus of ''Buetnerieae'', ''Journal of the Linnean Society'' '''10''': 18-30.</ref> based on material from Equatorial Guinee (Mt.John) collected by [[Gustav Mann]]. Three species were described by [[Maxwell T. Masters]], ''[[S. longe-penduculatum]]'', ''[[S. blackii]]'' and ''[[S. mannii]]''. Later, É. De Wildeman and T. Durant (June, 1897) described ''[[S. thonneri]]'' based on material collected by F. Thonner from northern DRC. A few months later K. Schumann (October, 1897) described four new species, ''[[S. stipulosum]]'', ''[[S. macranthum]]'', ''[[S. zenkeri]]'' and ''[[S. monophysca]]''. The last species, ''S. monophysca'' closely resembles ''S. thonerii'' and its description is based on material from Cameroon and Gabon.
Later, É.De Wildeman and T.Durant (June,1897) described ''[[S. thonneri]]'' based on material collected by F. Thonner from northern DRC. A few months later K.Schumann (October,1897) described four new species, ''[[S. stipulosum]]'', ''[[S. macranthum]]'', ''[[S. zenkeri]]'' and ''[[S. monophysca]]''. The last species, ''[[S. monophysca]]'' closely resembles ''[[S. thonerii]]'' and its description is based on material from Cameroon and Gabon.


The next six new species are a contribution of German taxonomists mainly based on material from Cameroon collected by Ledermann, Mildbraed and Zenker. In 1908 H.Winkler describes ''[[S. paxii]]''. collected by himself in Cameroon. Engler and Krause described two species in 1911, ''[[S. pallidinervis]]'' and ''[[S. riparia]]'' and three in 1913, ''[[S.discolor]]'', ''[[S. acuminatum]]'' and ''[[S. bruneo-purpureum]]''. ''[[S. discolor]]'' is a species from Congo and the other four from Cameroon. That same year Baker f. described two species based on material collected by Talbot from Nigeria, ''[[S. parvifolium]]'' and ''[[S. talbotii]]''.
The next six new species are a contribution of German taxonomists mainly based on material from Cameroon collected by Ledermann, Mildbraed and Zenker. In 1908 H.Winkler describes ''[[S. paxii]]''. collected by himself in Cameroon. Engler and Krause described two species in 1911, ''[[S. pallidinervis]]'' and ''[[S. riparia]]'' and three in 1913, ''[[S. discolor]]'', ''[[S. acuminatum]]'' and ''[[S. bruneo-purpureum]]''. ''[[S. discolor]]'' is a species from Congo and the other four from Cameroon. That same year Baker f. described two species based on material collected by Talbot from Nigeria, ''[[S. parvifolium]]'' and ''[[S. talbotii]]''.


The first species for West Africa was described by A. Chevalier in 1917 and named ''[[S. amoenum]]''. For the Mayombe region (Gabon) two species were described by Pellegrine in 1921, ''[[S. letestui]]'' and ''[[S. ngounyense]]''. The first species was made synoniem by Halle in 1961 as a variety within S. blackii, ''[[S. blackii'' var. ''letestui]]''. In the same publication N. Halle splits off another variety ''[[S. thonneri'' var. ''klainei]]''. Both varieties were described without a prologe in latin and subsequently invalid. In the same year R. Germain describes a new species ''[[S. vanderijstii]]'' and a new variety ''[[S. dewevrei'' var. ''suborophila]]'' both for DRC. The most recent species is described from Equatorial Guinea, ''[[S.obiangianum]]'' by M.E.Leal in 2007.
The first species for West Africa was described by A. Chevalier in 1917 and named ''[[S. amoenum]]''. For the [[Mayombe]] region (Gabon) two species were described by Pellegrine in 1921, ''[[S. letestui]]'' and ''[[S. ngounyense]]''. The first species was made synonym by Halle in 1961 as a variety within S. blackii, ''[[S. blackii var. letestui]]''. In the same publication N. Halle splits off another variety ''[[S. thonneri var. klainei]]''. Both varieties were described without a prologue in Latin and subsequently invalid. In the same year R. Germain describes a new species ''[[S. vanderijstii]]'' and a new variety ''[[S. dewevrei var. suborophila]]'' both for DRC. The most recent species is described from Equatorial Guinea, ''[[S. obiangianum]]'' by M.E. Leal<ref>Leal, M.E. (2007) A new endemic Scaphopetalum (Malvaceae) from Mount Mitra, Equatorial Guinea, ''Blumea'' '''52''' : 137-138.</ref> in 2007.


==Species==
==Species==
* ''[[Scaphopetalum accuminatum]]'' [[Engl. & Krause]] (1913)
*''[[Scaphopetalum accuminatum]]'' [[Engl. & Krause]] (1913)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum amoeum]]'' [[A.Chev.]] (1917)
*''[[Scaphopetalum amoeum]]'' [[A.Chev.]] (1917)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum blackii]]'' [[Mast.]] (1869)
*''[[Scaphopetalum blackii]]'' [[Maxwell T. Masters|Mast.]] (1869)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum blackii var. letestui]]'' [[(Pellegr.) N.Halle]] (1961) invalid
*''Scaphopetalum blackii var. letestui'' [[(Pellegr.) N.Halle]] (1961) invalid
* ''[[Scaphopetalum bruneopurpureum]]'' [[Engl.& Krause]] (1913)
*''[[Scaphopetalum bruneopurpureum]]'' [[Engl.& Krause]] (1913)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum dewevrei]]'' [[Dewild.& Th.Dur.]] (1900)
*''[[Scaphopetalum dewevrei]]'' [[Dewild.& Th.Dur.]] (1900)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum discolor]]'' [[Engl.& Krause]] (1913)
*''[[Scaphopetalum discolor]]'' [[Engl.& Krause]] (1913)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum letestui]]'' [[Pellegr.]] (1921) synoniem
*''[[Scaphopetalum letestui]]'' [[Pellegr.]] (1921) synoniem
* ''[[Scaphopetalum longepedunculatum]]'' [[Mast.]] (1869)
*''[[Scaphopetalum longepedunculatum]]'' [[Maxwell T. Masters|Mast.]] (1869)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum macranthum]]'' [[K.Schum.]] (1900)
*''[[Scaphopetalum macranthum]]'' [[K.Schum.]] (1900)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum mannii]]'' [[Mast.]] (1869)
*''[[Scaphopetalum mannii]]'' [[Maxwell T. Masters|Mast.]]] (1869)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum monophysca]]'' [[K.Schum.]] (1900) synoniem
*''[[Scaphopetalum monophysca]]'' [[K.Schum.]] (1900) synoniem
* ''[[Scaphopetalum ngouyense]]'' [[Pellegr.]] (1921)
*''[[Scaphopetalum ngouyense]]'' [[Pellegr.]] (1921)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum obiangianum]]'' [[M.E.Leal]] (2007)
*''[[Scaphopetalum obiangianum]]'' [[M.E.Leal]] (2007)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum pallidinervis]]'' [[Engl.& Krause]] (1911)
*''[[Scaphopetalum pallidinervis]]'' [[Engl.& Krause]] (1911)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum parvifolium]]'' [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]] f. (1913)
*''[[Scaphopetalum parvifolium]]'' [[John Gilbert Baker|Baker]] f. (1913)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum paxii]]'' [[H.Winkl.]] (1908)
*''[[Scaphopetalum paxii]]'' [[H.Winkl.]] (1908)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum riparia]]'' [[Engl.& Krause]] (1911)
*''[[Scaphopetalum riparia]]'' [[Engl.& Krause]] (1911)
* ''Scaphopetalum staudtii'' K. Schum. nomen nudus synomiem of ''[[Cola marsupium]]'' K.Schum.
*''Scaphopetalum staudtii'' K. Schum. nomen nudus synomiem of ''[[Cola marsupium]]'' K.Schum.
* ''[[Scaphopetalum stipulosum]]'' [[K.Schum.]] (1900)
*''[[Scaphopetalum stipulosum]]'' [[K.Schum.]] (1900)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum talbotii]]'' [[Bak.f.]] (1913)
*''[[Scaphopetalum talbotii]]'' [[Bak.f.]] (1913)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum thonneri]]'' [[Dewild.& Th.Dur.]] (1897)
*''[[Scaphopetalum thonneri]]'' [[Dewild.& Th.Dur.]] (1897)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum thonneri var. klainei]]'' [[Pierre ex N.Halle]] (1961) invalid
*''[[Scaphopetalum thonneri var. klainei]]'' [[Pierre ex N.Halle]] (1961) invalid
* ''[[Scaphopetalum vanderystii]]'' [[R.Germain]] (1961)
*''[[Scaphopetalum vanderystii]]'' [[R.Germain]] (1961)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum dewevrei var. suborophylla]]'' [[R.Germain]] (1961)
*''[[Scaphopetalum dewevrei var. suborophylla]]'' [[R.Germain]] (1961)
* ''[[Scaphopetalum zenkeri]]'' [[K.Schum.]] (1900)
*''[[Scaphopetalum zenkeri]]'' [[K.Schum.]] (1900)


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
⚫
Chevalier A. (1920) Explorations Botaniques de Afrique Occidental Francais i: 85
⚫
De Wildeman & T. Durand (1897) Bulletin Societe Royal Botanique Belgique xxxix. 97

⚫
Engler & K. Krause (1912) Botanisch Jahrbucher (sys) xlviii: 553

Leal, M.E. (2007) A new endemic Scaphopetalum (Malvaceae) from Mount Mitra, Equatorial Guinea, ''Blumea'' '''52''' : 137-138.

Master, M. T. (1869) On some points in morphology of the Malvales, together with a description of a new genus of ''Buetnerieae'', ''Journal of the Linnean Society'' '''10''': 18-30.




==Bibliography==
⚫
*Chevalier A. (1920) Explorations Botaniques de Afrique Occidental Francais i: 85
⚫
*De Wildeman & T. Durand (1897) Bulletin Societe Royal Botanique Belgique xxxix. 97
⚫
*Engler & K. Krause (1912) Botanisch Jahrbucher (sys) xlviii: 553


{{Taxonbar|from=Q7430163}}


[[Category:Scaphopetalum| ]]
[[Category:Scaphopetalum| ]]
[[Category:Malvaceae genera]]

[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
{{Malvales-stub}}

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[[es:Scaphopetalum]]
[[pt:Scaphopetalum]]

Latest revision as of 16:47, 20 July 2023

Scaphopetalum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Byttnerioideae
Tribe: Byttnerieae
Genus: Scaphopetalum
Mast.

Scaphopetalum is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae sensu lato. The distribution of the genus is restricted to the rain forests of Africa. In total 26 taxa have been described, 21 have been recognized (20 species and 1 variety), two invalid and one nomen nudus (without a formal description).

History[edit]

The genus Scaphopetalum was first described by Masters (1867),[1] based on material from Equatorial Guinee (Mt.John) collected by Gustav Mann. Three species were described by Maxwell T. Masters, S. longe-penduculatum, S. blackii and S. mannii. Later, É. De Wildeman and T. Durant (June, 1897) described S. thonneri based on material collected by F. Thonner from northern DRC. A few months later K. Schumann (October, 1897) described four new species, S. stipulosum, S. macranthum, S. zenkeri and S. monophysca. The last species, S. monophysca closely resembles S. thonerii and its description is based on material from Cameroon and Gabon.

The next six new species are a contribution of German taxonomists mainly based on material from Cameroon collected by Ledermann, Mildbraed and Zenker. In 1908 H.Winkler describes S. paxii. collected by himself in Cameroon. Engler and Krause described two species in 1911, S. pallidinervis and S. riparia and three in 1913, S. discolor, S. acuminatum and S. bruneo-purpureum. S. discolor is a species from Congo and the other four from Cameroon. That same year Baker f. described two species based on material collected by Talbot from Nigeria, S. parvifolium and S. talbotii.

The first species for West Africa was described by A. Chevalier in 1917 and named S. amoenum. For the Mayombe region (Gabon) two species were described by Pellegrine in 1921, S. letestui and S. ngounyense. The first species was made synonym by Halle in 1961 as a variety within S. blackii, S. blackii var. letestui. In the same publication N. Halle splits off another variety S. thonneri var. klainei. Both varieties were described without a prologue in Latin and subsequently invalid. In the same year R. Germain describes a new species S. vanderijstii and a new variety S. dewevrei var. suborophila both for DRC. The most recent species is described from Equatorial Guinea, S. obiangianum by M.E. Leal[2] in 2007.

Species[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Master, M. T. (1869) On some points in morphology of the Malvales, together with a description of a new genus of Buetnerieae, Journal of the Linnean Society 10: 18-30.
  2. ^ Leal, M.E. (2007) A new endemic Scaphopetalum (Malvaceae) from Mount Mitra, Equatorial Guinea, Blumea 52 : 137-138.

Bibliography[edit]

  • Chevalier A. (1920) Explorations Botaniques de Afrique Occidental Francais i: 85
  • De Wildeman & T. Durand (1897) Bulletin Societe Royal Botanique Belgique xxxix. 97
  • Engler & K. Krause (1912) Botanisch Jahrbucher (sys) xlviii: 553
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