Shoukhrat Mitalipov

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Shoukhrat Mitalipov
Born1961 (age 62–63)
CitizenshipAmerican[1]
Alma materTimiryazev Agricultural Academy
Research Centre of Medical Genetics
OccupationScientist
Known forStem cell breakthrough

Shoukhrat Mitalipov (Shoe-KHRAHT Mee-tuhl-EE-pov, Russian: Шухрат Музапарович Миталипов;[2] born 1961)[3] is an American biologist who heads the Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy at the Oregon Health & Science University in Portland.[4] He is a well known pioneer of many nuclear transplantation studies and was named in 2013 by journal Nature as "the cloning chief".[citation needed] Mitalipov is also a godfather of a gene therapy, known as mitochondrial replacement therapy, that prevents inheritance of mitochondrial diseases. He discovered a new way of creating human stem cells from skin cells.[4][5]

Early life

Mitalipov was born in 1961 in Almaty, Kazakhstan, then part of the Soviet Union.[4] He is of Uyghur ancestry.[1] He served two years in Soviet military, beginning in 1979, as an army radio technician.[1]

Education

After the military, Mitalipov studied genetics at the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy in Moscow and also played blues guitar in a cover band to pay the bills.[4] After his graduation from the academy, he worked for a short time as the chief livestock specialist in a kolkhoz in the Yaroslavl region.[6] He received his master's degree in 1989.[4] He earned his Ph.D. in developmental and stem cell biology from the Research Centre of Medical Genetics in Moscow.[4] After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 funding for stem cell research was scarce, so Mitalipov applied for and won a fellowship at Utah State University in 1995.[4] He started working at the Oregon National Primate Research Center in 1998, where he could work with monkeys, which share 98% of their DNA with humans; at Utah State Mitalipov had worked with cow DNA.[4]

Breakthroughs

A therapy for mitochondrial diseases that Mitalipov discovered, the "spindle transfer" technique, involves removing the nucleus from a human egg and placing it into another.[3][4] If the egg is fertilized, in genetic terms it would have three parents.[4] Mitalipov has successfully bred "three-parent" rhesus macaques.[4] The possibility of using the procedure on human eggs has raised safety and ethics questions.[4]

In May 2013, Mitalipov and his team published a study in Cell that describes a new process for creating human stem cells from skin cells.[5] The stem cell discovery made several journals' "Top 10" scientific breakthrough lists in 2013, including Nature, Science, Time, Discover, National Geographic and The Week.[5]

In August 2017, Mitalipov's collaborative work with the Institute for Basic Science, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Seoul National University, BGI-Shenzhen and BGI-Qingdao, was published in Nature.[7] performed the first known successful attempt at genetically correcting mutant human embryos, using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene modifying tool.

Mitalipov and his team experimented upon a larger number of human embryos carrying a genetic defect causing heart disease. They demonstrated the possibility of safely and efficiently correcting the defective gene that cause inherited heart disease.[8]

Honors and awards

  • 1995 – Fellowship award, Exchange Visitor Program “Cooperation in Applied Sciences and Technologies (CAST)”. Development of culture system to maintain pluripotency of bovine embryonic stem cells. Utah State University.
  • 2010 – Recipient of the 2010 Discovery Award, The Medical Research Foundation of Oregon
  • 2010 – Recipient of 2010 Women’s Health Research Award, the Center for Women’s Health, Circle of Giving
  • 2013 – Recognized by journal Nature as top 10 people who mattered in 2013
  • 2017 - Recipient of “Thousand Talents Plan” Award in China in the category of the Recruitment Program for Foreign Experts[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Budnick, Nick (June 2, 2013). "Oregon Stem-cell Groundbreaker Stirs International Frenzy with Cloning Advance". The Oregonian. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  2. ^ Ученый из Казахстана первый в мире создал обезьяну-мутанта - новости науки | Tengrinews (in Russian)
  3. ^ a b Tavernise, Sabrina (March 17, 2014). "His Fertility Advance Draws Ire". The New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Moore, Elizabeth Armstrong (September 17, 2014). "Splice of Life". Willamette Week. p. 12. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  5. ^ a b c "About Us". Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  6. ^ Астахова, Алла (August 12, 2017). "Тонкая работа". Блог о здравоохранении (in Russian).
  7. ^ Ma, Hong; Marti-Gutierrez, Nuria; Park, Sang-Wook; Wu, Jun; Lee, Yeonmi; Suzuki, Keiichiro; Koski, Amy; Ji, Dongmei; Hayama, Tomonari; Ahmed, Riffat; Darby, Hayley; Van Dyken, Crystal; Li, Ying; Kang, Eunju; Park, A.-Reum; Kim, Daesik; Kim, Sang-Tae; Gong, Jianhui; Gu, Ying; Xu, Xun; Battaglia, David; Krieg, Sacha A.; Lee, David M.; Wu, Diana H.; Wolf, Don P.; Heitner, Stephen B.; Carlos Izpisua Belmonte, Juan; Amato, Paula; Kim, Jin-Soo; Kaul, Sanjiv; Mitalipov, Shoukhrat (2017). "Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos". Nature. 548: 413–419. doi:10.1038/nature23305. PMID 28783728.
  8. ^ Connor, Steve. "First human embryos edited in U.S., using CRISPR". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
  9. ^ People, Oregon Health & Science University. "Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Ph.D. | OHSU People". Oregon Health & Science University. Retrieved March 25, 2019.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shoukhrat_Mitalipov&oldid=936968624"