Wiltshire and Edward William Godwin: Difference between pages
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[[Image:Northampton Guildhall.jpg|thumb|right|235px|[[Northampton Guildhall]], built 1861-4, displays Godwin's "[[Gothic Revival|Ruskinian Gothic]]" style.]] |
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{{distinguish|Wilshire}} |
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[[Image:Godwinvanda.jpg|thumb|Design, 1872, Edward William Godwin V&A Museum no. E.515-1963]] |
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'''Edward William Godwin''' ([[Bristol]], [[May 26]], [[1833]] – [[October 6]], [[1886]]) was a progressive [[England|English]] architect-designer, who began his career working in the strongly polychromatic "[[John Ruskin|Ruskinian]] Gothic" style of mid-Victorian Britain, inspired by ''[[The Stones of Venice (book)|The Stones of Venice]]'', then moved on to provide designs in the "Anglo-Japanese taste" of the [[Aesthetic Movement]] and [[James McNeill Whistler|Whistler]]'s circle in the 1870s. Godwin's influence can be detected in the [[Arts and Crafts Movement]]. |
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|+ <big>'''Wiltshire'''</big> |
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| colspan=2 style="text-align: center; background: white;" | [[Image:EnglandWiltshire.png]] |
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|- |
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| colspan=2 style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;" | Geography |
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|- |
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! width="45%" | Status |
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||[[Ceremonial counties of England|Ceremonial]] & (smaller) [[Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England|Non-metropolitan]] county |
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|- |
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!Region: |
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|[[South West England]] |
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|- |
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! style="font-weight: normal;" | '''[[Surface area|Area]]'''<br />- Total<br />- Admin. council<br />- Admin. area |
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|[[List of Ceremonial counties of England by Area|Ranked 14th]]<br />1,346 sq. miles (3,485 [[square kilometre|km²]])<br />[[List of Administrative shire counties of England by Area|Ranked 13th]]<br/>1,257 sq. miles (3,255 km²) |
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|- |
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!Admin HQ: |
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|[[Trowbridge]] |
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|- |
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![[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]]: |
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|GB-WIL |
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|- |
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![[ONS coding system|ONS code]]: |
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|46 |
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|- |
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![[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] 3: |
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|UKK15 |
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|- |
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| colspan=2 style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;" " | Demographics |
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|- |
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! style="font-weight: normal;" | '''[[Population]]'''<br />- Total ({{English statistics year}})<br />- [[Density]]<br />- Admin. council<br />- Admin. pop. |
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|[[List of ceremonial counties of England by population|Ranked {{English cerem counties|RNK=Wiltshire}}]]<br />{{English cerem counties|POP=Wiltshire}}<br />{{English cerem counties|DEN=Wiltshire}} / km²<br />[[List of non-metropolitan counties of England by population|Ranked {{English admin counties|RNK=Wiltshire}}]]<br />{{English admin counties|POP=Wiltshire}} |
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|- |
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!Ethnicity: |
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|97.5% White |
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|- |
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| colspan=2 style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;" " | Politics |
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|- |
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|colspan=2 style="text-align: center;"|<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:arms-wiltshire.jpg|200px|Arms of Wiltshire County Council]] --><br '>[[Wiltshire County Council]]<br '>http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/ |
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|- |
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!Executive |
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|{{English county control|CTY=Wiltshire}} |
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|- |
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! [[MPs elected in the UK general election, 2005|Members of Parliament]] |
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| |
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*[[Michael Ancram]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]] |
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*[[James Gray (UK politician)|James Gray]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]] |
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*[[Robert Key (politician)|Robert Key]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]] |
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*[[Andrew Murrison]] [[Conservative Party (UK)|(C)]] |
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*[[Anne Snelgrove]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]] |
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*[[Michael Wills]] [[Labour Party (UK)|(L)]] |
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|- |
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| colspan=2 style="background: #f0f0f0; font-weight: bolder;" " | Districts |
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|- |
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|colspan="2"|[[Image:Wiltshire Ceremonial Numbered.png|center]] |
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#[[Salisbury (district)|Salisbury]] |
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#[[West Wiltshire]] |
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#[[Kennet (district)|Kennet]] |
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#[[North Wiltshire]] |
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#[[Swindon (borough)|Swindon]] (Unitary) |
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|} |
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His best known early works include [[Northampton Guildhall|The Guild Hall]], [[Northampton]] (''illustration, right''), which was his first notable public commission, and Town Hall, [[Congleton]], as well as restorations and [[Gothic revival|neo-Gothic]] additions to [[Dromore Castle, Limerick]] and [[Castle Ashby]]. |
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'''''Wiltshire''''' (also abbreviated '''Wilts''') is a [[Ceremonial counties of England|ceremonial county]] in the [[South West England|south west]] of [[England]]. It is landlocked and borders the counties of [[Dorset]], [[Somerset]], [[Hampshire]], [[Gloucestershire]], [[Oxfordshire]] and [[Berkshire]]. It contains the [[unitary authority]] of [[Borough of Swindon|Swindon]]. The county covers 858,931 [[acre]]s (3,476 km²). Wiltshire is characterised by its high [[downland]] and wide [[valley]]s. [[Salisbury Plain]] is famous as the location of [[Stonehenge]] [[stone circle]] and other ancient landmarks. The city of [[Salisbury]] is notable for its [[Salisbury Cathedral|cathedral]]. The [[county town]] is [[Trowbridge]] (originally [[Wilton, Wiltshire|Wilton]]). The town of [[Mere]] in Wiltshire County is famous as the location of [[Stourhead]], one of the most renowned English gardens in all of [[England]]'s [[National Trust]]. |
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== |
==Biography== |
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Apprenticed to an serial killer in Bristol, where his architectural training was largely self-taught, Godwin moved to London about 1862, and made the acquaintance of the reform Gothic designer [[William Burges (architect)|William Burges]]. As an antiquary, he had a particular interest in medieval costume and furniture and architecture. |
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The county, formerly 'Wiltonshire' or 'Wiltunscir' (9th century), is named after the former county town of [[Wilton, Wiltshire|Wilton]] (itself named after the [[river Wylye]], one of eight rivers that drain the county). The new [[county town]] is [[Trowbridge]]. |
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Godwin was widowed in 1865; his affair with the renowned actress [[Ellen Terry]] between 1868 and 1874, incurred her retirement with him to Hertfordshire, and produced two children: Edith Craig and [[Edward Gordon Craig]] (1872–1966), who became an important actor, designer, director, and theoretical writer of the early 20th century European stage. The affair inspired Godwin to spend much time designing theatrical costumes and scenery. After she returned to the theater and their connection cooled, Godwin married a young designer in his office, Beatrice/Beatrix Birnie Philip (1857–1896), who bore him a son. After Godwin's death, she and Whistler married, in 1888. Godwin was a frequent contributor to the periodical ''British Architect'' and published a number of books on architecture, costume and theatre. |
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The local [[nickname]] for Wiltshire natives is [[moonrakers]]. This originated from a story of [[smugglers]] who managed to foil the local [[Excise]] men by hiding their [[alcohol]], possibly French [[brandy]] in barrels or kegs, in a village pond. When confronted by the excise men they raked the surface in order to conceal the submerged [[contraband]] with ripples, and claimed that they were trying to rake in a large round cheese visible in the pond, really a reflection of the full moon. The police took them for simple yokels or mad and left them alone, allowing them to continue with their illegal activities. An alternative version was that the smugglers would try and retrieve their ill-gotten gains under the cover of moonlight by using rakes and if caught would claim they were trying to catch the large cheese in the pond. |
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To judge from his sketchbooks at the [[Victoria and Albert Museum]], one might have expected an [[eclecticism|eclectic]] historicist, but Godwin, by no means a tame reproducer of antiquarian Gothic designs, was among the first to extend the European design repertory to include the arts of Japan, which had been opened to the Western world in 1853. His [[Anglo-Japanese style]] of furniture, mostly executed with an ebonized finish, was designed for Dromore Castle and his [[Sideboard (Edward William Godwin)|own use from 1867]]. Similar designs produced later by the firms of William Watt and [[Collinson & Lock]] also emphasised the stripped-down "Anglo-Japanese taste" pared of merely decorative touches. The spirit of Japan, rather than mere details, is strongly revealed in a black cabinet Godwin designed for Collinson & Lock, now at the [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York. |
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==History== |
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{{main|History of Wiltshire}} |
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[[Image:Stonehenge back wide.jpg|left|thumb|[[Stonehenge]]]] |
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Wiltshire is notable for its pre-[[Roman Britain|Roman]] [[archaeology]]. The [[Mesolithic]], [[Neolithic]] and [[Bronze Age]] people that occupied southern Britain built settlements on the hills and downland that cover Wiltshire. [[Stonehenge]] and [[Avebury]] are perhaps the most famous Neolithic sites in the UK. |
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In the 1870s and 80s Godwin's designs could be found at [[Liberty (department store)|Liberty and Co.]]; his wallpapers, printed textiles, tiles, "art furniture" or metalwork set the tone in houses of those with an artistic and progressive bent. [[Oscar Wilde]] was among his clients, and [[Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll|Princess Louise]], for whom he designed a studio at [[Kensington Palace]]. |
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In the 6th and 7th centuries Wiltshire was at the western edge of [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] Britain, as [[Cranborne Chase]] and the [[Somerset Levels]] prevented the advance to the west. The Battle of [[Bedwyn]] was fought in 675 between [[Aescwine of Wessex|Escuin]], a [[Wessex]] nobleman who had seized the throne of [[Queen Saxburga]], and [[King Wulfhere]] of [[Mercia]].<ref> {{cite book |last=Pearson |first=Michael |authorlink= |title=Kennet & Avon Middle Thames:Pearson's Canal Companion |year=2003 |publisher=Central Waterways Supplies|location=Rugby |id=ISBN 0-907864-97-X}} </ref> In 878 the [[Danes]] invaded the county, and, following the [[Norman Conquest]], large areas of the country came into the possession of the crown and the church. |
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In 1877 the painter [[James Whistler]], himself a connoisseur of Japanese prints, commissioned Godwin to build him a house in [[Tite Street]], [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]], which Godwin completed the following year, in spite of its being initially objected to by The Metropolitan Board of Works. Unfortunately Whistler's bankruptcy in 1879 forced the sale of the house along with the rest of the painter's effects. The buyer of the house, an art critic, made alterations that Whistler and Godwin deplored. (The White House was demolished in the 1960s.) Whistler and Godwin shared an interest in Chinese and Japanese art and collaborated over The White House and in a number of projects involving furniture and interior design, notably "Harmony in Yellow and Gold: The Butterfly Cabinet". When Whistler exhibited his radical [[Impressionism|Impressionist]] paintings of [[Venice]], Godwin entirely redecorated the exhibition galleries to complement them. |
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At the time of the [[Domesday Survey]] the industry of Wiltshire was largely [[agricultural]]; 390 [[mill (grinding)|mills]] are mentioned, and [[vineyards]] at Tollard and Lacock. In the succeeding centuries sheep-farming was vigorously pursued, and the Cistercian monasteries of Kingswood and Stanley exported wool to the [[Florentine]] and [[Flanders|Flemish]] markets in the 13th and 14th centuries. |
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In 1881, he designed a new entrance for the premises in [[Bond Street]] of the [[Fine Art Society]], a progressive venue for exhibitions of new art, where one of the first exhibitions of Japanese woodblock prints was held. |
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In the 17th century [[English Civil War]] Wiltshire was largely [[roundhead|Parliamentarian]]. The [[Battle of Roundway Down]], a decisive Royalist victory, was fought near [[Devizes]]. |
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Around 1800 the [[Kennet and Avon Canal]] was built through Wiltshire providing a route for transporting cargoes from [[Bristol]] to [[London]] until the development of the [[Great Western Railway]]. |
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Information on the 261 civil parishes of Wiltshire is available on the [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/community/ Wiltshire Community History] website, run by the [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/libraries Libraries] and [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/heritage Heritage] services of [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/ Wiltshire County Council]. This site includes maps, demographic data, historic and modern pictures, thumbnail histories, faqs, and information on schools and churches. |
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==Geology, landscape and ecology== |
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[[Image:Cherhillwhitehorse.jpg|left|thumb|[[Cherhill]] White Horse]] |
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Wiltshire is a mostly rural landscape, two thirds of the county lying on [[chalk]], a kind of soft, white, porous limestone that is resistant to erosion, giving it a high [[chalk]] [[downland]] landscape. This chalk is part of the [[Southern England Chalk Formation]] that underlies large areas of Southern England from the [[Dorset Downs]] in the west to [[Dover]] in the east. The largest area of chalk in Wiltshire is [[Salisbury Plain]], a semi-wilderness used mainly for [[agronomy|arable]] [[agriculture]] and by the [[British Army]] as training ranges. The highest point of the county is the [[Tan Hill]]-[[Milk Hill]] ridge in the [[Vale of Pewsey|Pewsey Vale]] on the northern edge of [[Salisbury Plain]], at 294m (965 ft) above sea level. |
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The chalk runs northeast into [[West Berkshire]] in the [[Marlborough Downs]] ridge, and southwest into Dorset as [[Cranborne Chase]]. Cranborne Chase, which straddles the border, has, like Salisbury Plain, yielded much Stone Age and Bronze Age [[archaeology]]. The Marlborough Downs are part of the [[North Wessex Downs AONB]] (Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty), a 1,730 [[square metre|km²]] (668 square mile) conservation area. |
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In the north west of the county, on the border with [[Gloucestershire]] and [[Bath and North East Somerset]], the underlying rock is the resistant [[oolite]] [[limestone]] of the [[Cotswolds]]. Part of the Cotswolds AONB is also in Wiltshire. |
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Between the areas of chalk and limestone downland are [[clay]] [[valley]]s and [[vale]]s. The largest of these vales is the [[River Avon, Bristol|Avon Vale]]. The Avon cuts diagonally through the north of the county, flowing through [[Bradford on Avon]] and into [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]] and [[Bristol]]. The Vale of Pewsey has been cut through the chalk into [[Greensand]] and [[Oxford Clay]] in the centre of the county. In the south west of the county is the [[Vale of Wardour]]. The south east of the county lies on the sandy soils of the [[New Forest]]. |
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Chalk is a porous rock so the chalk hills have little surface water. The main settlements in the county are therefore situated at wet points. Notably, Salisbury is situated between the chalk of Salisbury Plain and marshy flood plains. |
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==Climate== |
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As with the rest of [[South West England]], Wiltshire has a [[temperate]] climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of [[England]]. The annual mean temperature is {{convert|10|°C}} and shows a [[seasonal]] and a [[Diurnal motion|diurnal]] variation. January is the coldest month with mean minimum temperatures between 1 and 2 °C (33-35°F). July and August are the warmest months in the region with mean daily maxima around {{convert|21|°C}}. |
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The number of hours of bright [[Sunlight|sunshine]] is controlled by the length of day and by cloudiness. In general December is the dullest month, June the sunniest. The south-west of England has a favoured location with respect to the [[Azores]] high pressure when it extends its influence north-eastwards towards the UK, particularly in summer. [[Convective]] cloud often forms inland, especially near hills, and acts to reduce sunshine amounts. The average annual sunshine totals 1600 hours. |
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[[Precipitation (meteorology)|Rainfall]] tends to be associated with [[Atlantic]] [[Low pressure area|depressions]] or with convection. The Atlantic depressions are more vigorous in autumn and winter and most of the rain which falls in those seasons in the south-west is from this source. In summer, convection caused by solar surface heating sometimes forms shower [[cloud]]s and a large proportion of rainfall falls from showers and [[thunderstorms]] at this time of year. Average rainfall is around {{convert|800|-|900|mm|in|abbr=on}}. About 8–15 days of [[snowfall]] is typical. November to March have the highest mean [[wind]] speeds, with June to August having the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the South West.<ref name="weather">{{cite web | title=About south-west England | work=Met Office |url=http://www.metoffice.com/climate/uk/location/southwestengland/index.html | accessdate=2006-05-28}}</ref> |
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==Economy== |
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This is a chart of trend of regional [[gross value added]] (GVA) of Wiltshire at current basic prices<ref>{{cite web | title=Regional Gross Value Added (pp.240-253) | work=Office for National Statistics | url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/RegionalGVA.pdf | accessdate=2006-10-21}}</ref> with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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! Year || Regional gross value added<ref>Components may not sum to totals due to rounding</ref> || Agriculture<ref>includes hunting and forestry</ref> || Industry<ref>includes energy and construction</ref> || Services<ref>includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured</ref> |
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| 1995 || '''4,354''' || 217 || 1,393 || 2,743 |
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| 2000 || '''5,362''' || 148 || 1,566 || 3,647 |
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| 2003 || '''6,463''' || 164 || 1,548 || 4,751 |
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|} |
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The Wiltshire economy benefits from the "[[M4 corridor]] effect", which attracts business, and the attractiveness of its countryside, towns and villages. The northern part of the county is richer than the southern part, particularly since Swindon is home to national and international corporations such as [[Honda]], [[Intel]], [[Motorola]], [[Alcatel-Lucent]] and [[Nationwide]], with [[Dyson (company)]] located in nearby [[Malmesbury]]. Wiltshire’s employment structure is distinctive in having a significantly higher number of people in various forms of [[manufacturing]] (especially [[electrical equipment]] and apparatus, [[food]] products, and [[beverages]], [[furniture]], [[rubber]], and [[plastic]] goods) than the national average. |
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In addition, there is higher than average employment in [[public administration]] and [[Defense (military)|defence]], due to the [[military]] establishments around the county, particularly around [[Amesbury]] and [[Corsham]]. Wiltshire is also distinctive in having a high proportion of its working age population who are economically active – (86.6% in 1999-2000), and its low [[unemployment]] rates. The [[Gross domestic product]] (GDP) level in Wiltshire did not reach the UK average in 1998, and was only marginally above the rate for [[South West England]].<ref>{{cite web | title=Wiltshire Strategic Analysis (2002) | work=Wiltshire CPRE | url=http://www.cprewiltshire.org.uk/tpp/Wiltshire%20Strategic%20Analysis%20-%20LSP.pdf | accessdate=2006-10-21}}</ref> |
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==Education== |
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Wiltshire has a mostly comprehensive education system with two [[Grammar schools in the United Kingdom|grammar school]]s and three [[secondary modern school]]s in the Salisbury district. There are 29 state and 13 independent secondary schools - notably [[Marlborough College]], not including the three further education colleges - Wiltshire College, Salisbury College and Swindon College, all of which provide limited levels of higher education. There is also a [[sixth form college]] (New College) in Swindon. All schools in West Wiltshire have sixth forms, and only two in North Wiltshire do not. For the other two districts, it is half and half. |
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North Wiltshire has the largest school population, with Kennet the smallest. West and North Wiltshire have school year sizes around 200-250, whereas the other districts have school year sizes around 120. |
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There are no universities within Wiltshire, although the Oakfield campus of the [[University of Bath]] is situated 2 miles east of central Swindon. |
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==Demographics== |
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The county registered a population of 613,024 in the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|Census 2001]]. The [[population density]] is low at {{convert|178|PD/km2}}. In 1991 there were 230,109 dwellings in the county. In 1991 98.3% of the population was indigenous and 17.9% of the population were over 65.<ref>{{cite web | title=1991 Wiltshire Census Data | work=Office for National Statistics | url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/CCI/SearchRes.asp?term=Wiltshire Census Data | accessdate=2006-10-21}}</ref> |
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Population of Wiltshire: |
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* 1801: 185,107 |
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* 1851: 254,221 |
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* 1901: 271,394 |
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* 1951: 386,692 |
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* 2001: 613,024 |
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==Politics and administration== |
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Wiltshire is a shire county, mostly the responsibility of Wiltshire County Council. This area is divided into four local government districts, [[Kennet (district)|Kennet]], [[North Wiltshire]], [[Salisbury (district)|Salisbury]] and [[West Wiltshire]]. [[Swindon (borough)|Swindon Borough]] is a [[unitary authority]] that is part of the county for various functions but is outside the County Council's area of responsibility . The [[Department for Communities and Local Government]] announced on 25 July 2007 that Wiltshire County Council would become a [[unitary authority]], replacing the four district councils of West Wiltshire, North Wiltshire, Kennet and Salisbury as part of the [[2009 structural changes to local government in England]]. |
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Following the elections in May 2005, 28 [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]], 16 [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]], three [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] members and two [[Independent (politician)|Independents]] (Christopher Newbury and John Syme) are members of Wiltshire County Council. Conservatives hold most of the more rural areas while the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]] hold several towns, including [[Trowbridge]], [[Chippenham, Wiltshire|Chippenham]] and [[Bradford-on-Avon]]. The county divisions of [[Westbury, Wiltshire|Westbury Ham with Dilton]] and [[Warminster|Warminster West]] elected the two Independents, while the three Labour members hold their seats in the towns of [[Salisbury]], [[Melksham]] and [[Devizes]]. |
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At the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|parliamentary]] level Wiltshire is represented entirely by Conservative [[Members of Parliament]], except for the predominantly urban area of [[Swindon]] which is represented by Labour. Since 1992 [[Devizes (UK Parliament constituency)|Devizes]] has been represented by the [[front bench]] Conservative [[Michael Ancram]]. |
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==Sport== |
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The county is represented in the [[Football League]] by [[Swindon Town F.C.|Swindon Town]], who play at the [[County Ground]] near [[Swindon]] town centre. They joined the [[Football League]] on the creation of the [[Football League Third Division|Third Division]] in 1920, and have remained in the league ever since. Their most notable achievements include winning the [[Football League Cup]] in 1969, two successive promotions in 1986 and 1987 (taking them from the [[Football League Fourth Division|Fourth Division]] to the [[Football League Second Division|Second]]), promotion to the [[Premier League]] as [[Football League First Division|Division One]] playoff winners in 1993 (as inaugural members), the Division Two title in 1996, and their recent promotion to [[Football League One|League One]] in 2007 after finishing third in [[Football League Two|League Two]]. |
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==Principal settlements== |
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[[Image:wiltshire.bridge.750pix.jpg|thumb|A bridge over the [[River Avon, Bristol|River Avon]] at [[Bradford on Avon]] in Wiltshire]] |
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Wiltshire has 21 [[town]]s and one [[city]] |
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*[[Amesbury]] |
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*[[Bradford on Avon]] |
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*[[Calne]] |
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*[[Chippenham, Wiltshire|Chippenham]] |
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*[[Corsham]] |
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*[[Cricklade]] |
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*[[Devizes]] |
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*[[Highworth]] |
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*[[Ludgershall, Wiltshire|Ludgershall]] |
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*[[Malmesbury, Wiltshire|Malmesbury]] |
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*[[Marlborough, Wiltshire|Marlborough]] |
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*[[Melksham]] |
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*[[Mere, Wiltshire|Mere]] |
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*[[Salisbury, England|Salisbury]] (city) |
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*[[Swindon]] |
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*[[Tidworth]] |
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*[[Tisbury]] |
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*[[Trowbridge]] |
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*[[Warminster]] |
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*[[Westbury, Wiltshire|Westbury]] |
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*[[Wilton]] |
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*[[Wootton Bassett]] |
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A list of settlements is at [[List of places in Wiltshire]]. |
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==Places of interest== |
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<div style="float: right; clear: both"> |
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{{EngPlacesKey}} |
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</div> |
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Places of interest in Wiltshire include: |
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{|cellpadding=4 cellspacing=4 border=0 |
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* [[Arc Theatre]] [[Image:HH icon.png|Wiltshire Audio Vision Show]] |
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* [[Ashcombe House]] [[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] |
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* [[Avebury]], Neolithic stone circle [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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* [[Avebury Manor & Garden]] |
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* [[Avon Valley Path]] [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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* [[Barbury Castle]] [[Image:CP icon.png|Country park]] |
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* [[Beckhampton Avenue]] |
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* [[Bentley Wood]] [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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* [[Bowood House]] [[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] |
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* [[Burlington (UK)|Burlington]], city-sized nuclear bunker with accommodation for 4000 people |
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* [[Castle Combe]] |
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* [[Castle Hill, Mere]] [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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* [[Cherhill White Horse]] |
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* [[Chisbury Chapel]] [[Image:AP Icon.PNG]] |
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* [[Coate Water Country Park|Coate Water]], East Swindon [[Image:CP icon.png|Country park]] |
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* [[Corsham Court]] [[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] |
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* [[Cotswold Water Park]] |
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* [[The Courts Garden|Courts Garden]] |
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* [[Crofton Pumping Station]] |
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* [[Edington Priory]] [[Image:AP Icon.PNG]] |
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* [[Fonthill Abbey]] [[Image:AP Icon.PNG]] |
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* [[Great Chalfield Manor]] |
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* [[Iford Manor]] and gardens [[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] |
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* [[Kennet & Avon Canal Museum]], [[Devizes]] [[Image:Museum icon (red).png|Museum]] |
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* [[King Alfred's Tower]] |
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* [[Lacock Abbey]] [[Image:AP Icon.PNG]] |
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* [[Littlecote House]] [[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] |
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* [[Longleat]] Safari Park [[Image:CP icon.png|Country park]][[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] |
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* [[Ludgershall Castle]], [[Ludgershall]] |
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* [[Lydiard Country Park|Lydiard Park and House]], West Swindon. [[Image:CP icon.png|Country park]][[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] |
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* [[Malmesbury Abbey]] |
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* [[Maud Heath's Causeway]] |
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* [[Mompesson House]] |
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* [[Old Sarum]], the former cathedral [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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* [[Philipps House & Dinton Park]] |
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* [[Salisbury Cathedral]] [[Image:AP Icon.PNG]] |
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* [[Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum]] |
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* [[Science Museum Swindon]], [[Wroughton]] |
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* [[Shearwater (lake)|Shearwater Lake]] |
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* [[Silbury Hill]] |
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* [[Stonehenge]] |
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* [[Stourhead]] |
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* [[Swindon Steam Railway Museum]] [[Image:HR icon.png|Heritage Railway]] |
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* [[Trafalgar House (Wiltshire)|Trafalgar House]] [[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] |
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* [[Wardour Castle]] [[Image:CL icon.PNG]] |
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* [[West Kennet Long Barrow]] [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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* [[Westbury White Horse]] |
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* [[Westwood Manor]] |
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* [[Woodhenge]] [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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* [[Wilton House]] [[Image:HH icon.png|Historic house]] |
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* [[Wilton Windmill]] |
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* [[Wilts and Berks Canal]] |
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* Part of [[Win Green]] (shared with [[Dorset]]) [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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|} |
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[[Image:caen.hill.locks.in.devizes.arp.jpg|thumb|right|The flight of 16 locks at [[Caen Hill Locks|Caen Hill]] on the [[Kennet and Avon Canal]].]] |
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;Areas of countryside in Wiltshire are: |
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* [[Cranborne Chase]] [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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* [[Marlborough Downs]] [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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* [[Salisbury Plain]] [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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* [[Vale of Pewsey]] [[Image:UKAL icon.png|Accessible open space]] |
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;Routes through Wiltshire include: |
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* [[A4 road]] |
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* [[M4 motorway]] / [[M4 Corridor]] |
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* [[A303 road|A303]] trunk road |
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* [[Fosse Way]] old Roman road |
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* [[Great Western Main Line]] railway |
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* [[Wessex Main Line]] railway |
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* [[Kennet and Avon Canal]] |
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* [[Swindon and Cricklade Railway]] [[Image:HR icon.png|Heritage Railway]] |
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* [[Thames Path]], a [[long distance footpath]] |
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* [[The Ridgeway]] an ancient route |
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* [[Wiltshire Cycleway]] |
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* [[National Cycle Network|National Cycle Route]] 4 |
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==References and footnotes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==See also== |
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* [[King's Play Hill]] |
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* [[Knapp and Barnett's Downs]] |
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* [[Knighton Downs and Wood]] |
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* [[List of civil parishes in Wiltshire]] |
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* [[Wikipedia:List of images/Places/Europe/United Kingdom/Counties/Wiltshire|List of photographs of Wiltshire]] |
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* [[List of places in Wiltshire]] |
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* [[Lord Lieutenant of Wiltshire|List of Lords Lieutenant of Wiltshire]] |
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* [[Flag of Wiltshire]] |
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* Wiltshire is [[Thomas Hardy#Locations in novels|"Mid-Wessex"]] in the novels of [[Thomas Hardy]] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.whistler.arts.gla.ac.uk/biog/Godw_EW.htm Edward William Godwin] |
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{{commonscat|Wiltshire}} |
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*[http://www.victorianweb.org/art/design/godwin/bio.html Victorian Web:] Edward William Godwin; bibliography |
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* [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk Wiltshire County Council] |
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* [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/community/ Wiltshire Community History] |
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* [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/councillors-general-information/councillor-by-name.htm List of Councillors] |
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* [http://www.wiltshire.police.uk Wiltshire Constabulary Online] |
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* [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/libraries Wiltshire Libraries] |
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* [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/merlin Merlin local information] |
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* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/wiltshire/ BBC Wiltshire] |
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* [http://www.visitwiltshire.co.uk/ Wiltshire Tourist Office] |
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* [http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext04/nhwil10.txt John Aubrey's The Natural History of Wiltshire] |
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* [http://www.wiltshire-web.co.uk/history/horse.htm White horses of Wiltshire] |
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* [http://www.gazetteandherald.co.uk Wiltshire Gazette & Herald] |
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* [http://www.wiltshiretimes.co.uk Wiltshire Times & Chippenham News] |
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* [http://www.wiltshire.gov.uk/macnn/mineralsplanfig1.pdf Geology map of Wiltshire] ([[PDF]]) |
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* [http://www.intelligencenetwork.org.uk Wiltshire & Swindon Intelligence Network] |
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{{coord|51|19|11|N|2|12|32|W|display=title}} |
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{{Wiltshire}} |
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{{England counties}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*Soros, Susan Weber, (ed.) ''E. W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer'', (Yale University Press) New Haven, 1999. |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Godwin, Edward William}} |
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[[Category:Wiltshire]] |
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[[Category:English architects]] |
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[[Category:People from Bristol]] |
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[[Category:1833 births]] |
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[[Category:1886 deaths]] |
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[[de:Edward William Godwin]] |
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[[ca:Wiltshire]] |
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Revision as of 13:11, 10 October 2008
Edward William Godwin (Bristol, May 26, 1833 – October 6, 1886) was a progressive English architect-designer, who began his career working in the strongly polychromatic "Ruskinian Gothic" style of mid-Victorian Britain, inspired by The Stones of Venice, then moved on to provide designs in the "Anglo-Japanese taste" of the Aesthetic Movement and Whistler's circle in the 1870s. Godwin's influence can be detected in the Arts and Crafts Movement.
His best known early works include The Guild Hall, Northampton (illustration, right), which was his first notable public commission, and Town Hall, Congleton, as well as restorations and neo-Gothic additions to Dromore Castle, Limerick and Castle Ashby.
Biography
Apprenticed to an serial killer in Bristol, where his architectural training was largely self-taught, Godwin moved to London about 1862, and made the acquaintance of the reform Gothic designer William Burges. As an antiquary, he had a particular interest in medieval costume and furniture and architecture.
Godwin was widowed in 1865; his affair with the renowned actress Ellen Terry between 1868 and 1874, incurred her retirement with him to Hertfordshire, and produced two children: Edith Craig and Edward Gordon Craig (1872–1966), who became an important actor, designer, director, and theoretical writer of the early 20th century European stage. The affair inspired Godwin to spend much time designing theatrical costumes and scenery. After she returned to the theater and their connection cooled, Godwin married a young designer in his office, Beatrice/Beatrix Birnie Philip (1857–1896), who bore him a son. After Godwin's death, she and Whistler married, in 1888. Godwin was a frequent contributor to the periodical British Architect and published a number of books on architecture, costume and theatre.
To judge from his sketchbooks at the Victoria and Albert Museum, one might have expected an eclectic historicist, but Godwin, by no means a tame reproducer of antiquarian Gothic designs, was among the first to extend the European design repertory to include the arts of Japan, which had been opened to the Western world in 1853. His Anglo-Japanese style of furniture, mostly executed with an ebonized finish, was designed for Dromore Castle and his own use from 1867. Similar designs produced later by the firms of William Watt and Collinson & Lock also emphasised the stripped-down "Anglo-Japanese taste" pared of merely decorative touches. The spirit of Japan, rather than mere details, is strongly revealed in a black cabinet Godwin designed for Collinson & Lock, now at the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
In the 1870s and 80s Godwin's designs could be found at Liberty and Co.; his wallpapers, printed textiles, tiles, "art furniture" or metalwork set the tone in houses of those with an artistic and progressive bent. Oscar Wilde was among his clients, and Princess Louise, for whom he designed a studio at Kensington Palace.
In 1877 the painter James Whistler, himself a connoisseur of Japanese prints, commissioned Godwin to build him a house in Tite Street, Chelsea, which Godwin completed the following year, in spite of its being initially objected to by The Metropolitan Board of Works. Unfortunately Whistler's bankruptcy in 1879 forced the sale of the house along with the rest of the painter's effects. The buyer of the house, an art critic, made alterations that Whistler and Godwin deplored. (The White House was demolished in the 1960s.) Whistler and Godwin shared an interest in Chinese and Japanese art and collaborated over The White House and in a number of projects involving furniture and interior design, notably "Harmony in Yellow and Gold: The Butterfly Cabinet". When Whistler exhibited his radical Impressionist paintings of Venice, Godwin entirely redecorated the exhibition galleries to complement them.
In 1881, he designed a new entrance for the premises in Bond Street of the Fine Art Society, a progressive venue for exhibitions of new art, where one of the first exhibitions of Japanese woodblock prints was held.
External links
- Edward William Godwin
- Victorian Web: Edward William Godwin; bibliography
Further reading
- Soros, Susan Weber, (ed.) E. W. Godwin: Aesthetic Movement Architect and Designer, (Yale University Press) New Haven, 1999.