Trigonobalanus excelsa: Difference between revisions

Trigonobalanus excelsa
Conservation status
	; Endangered (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Fagaceae
Genus:	Trigonobalanus
Species:	T. excelsa
Binomial name
	Trigonobalanus excelsa; Loz.-Contr., Hern.Com .&Henao-S.

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Trigonobalanus excelsa, commonly called the Colombian black oak,^[2] is a species of plant in the family Fagaceae. It is a tree endemic to Colombia.

The genus Trigonobalanus is related to the true oaks (Quercus) and includes three known species, T. excelsa and two species native to Southeast Asia.^[1]

Description[edit]

Trigonobalanus excelsa is a tree which can grow to 20–40 m (66–131 ft) tall.^[1]

Range and habitat[edit]

Trigonobalanus excelsa is known from five locations in the Colombian Andes. These locations are on different mountain ranges and distant from one another. The species' estimated area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 500 km².^[1]

The largest population is in Huila Department at the southern end of the Cordillera Oriental. It includes a black oak forest in Cueva de los Guácharos National Natural Park totaling 40,000 ha, and mountaintop black oak groves 50 km north in the towns of Pitalito, Suaza, Timaná, and Acevedo. Black oak is found only on the western slope of the cordillera.
In Guantentá-Río Fonce Flora and Fauna Sanctuary near Santander in the Cordillera Oriental, in small patches in riparian corridors, among forests of white oak (Quercus humboldtii).
In the municipalities of Amalfi, Antioquia and Serranía de San Lucas, Bolivar in the Cordillera Central, 600 and 700 km north of the main Huila Department population.
In Farallones de Cali National Natural Park and in Valle del Cauca in the Cordillera Occidental, about 200 km from the main Huila population.

It grows in humid Andean montane forests between 1,400- and 2,200-meters elevation. It is found in mixed forests and in monospecific stands, typically in areas with steep slopes and poor soils. Some populations grow near forests of white oak (Quercus humboldtii).^[1]

Conservation[edit]

The species' conservation status is assessed as endangered. It is known from relatively small and isolated populations. Some populations are in protected areas. The main population in Huila is not protected and is threatened with habitat loss from ongoing deforestation. Other populations, like those in Antioquia and Bolivar departments, have been greatly reduced by deforestation, and survive only in remnant forest patches.^[1]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Aguirre-Acosta, N.; Parra Aldana, C.A.; Botero, J.E. (2020). "Trigonobalanus excelsa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T32076A137102918. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T32076A137102918.en. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
^ "In situ conservation of the Colombian Black Oak". August 25, 2021.

[iucn-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Aguirre-Acosta, N.; Parra Aldana, C.A.; Botero, J.E. (2020). "Trigonobalanus excelsa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T32076A137102918. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T32076A137102918.en. Retrieved 4 February 2023.

[2] "In situ conservation of the Colombian Black Oak". August 25, 2021.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Species of tree}}
-{{Taxobox
+{{One source|date=February 2023}}
-|status = VU
+{{Speciesbox
-|status_system = IUCN2.3
+|image =
-|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
+|status = EN
-|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
+|status_system = IUCN3.1
-|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
+|status_ref = <ref name= iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Aguirre-Acosta, N. |author2=Parra Aldana, C.A. |author3=Botero, J.E. |date=2020 |title=''Trigonobalanus excelsa'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T32076A137102918 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T32076A137102918.en |access-date=4 February 2023}}</ref>
-|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
+|genus = Trigonobalanus
-|ordo = [[Fagales]]
+|species = excelsa
-|familia = [[Fagaceae]]
+|authority = Loz.-Contr., Hern.Com .&Henao-S.
-|genus = ''[[Trigonobalanus]]''
+}}
-|species = '''''T. excelsa'''''
-|binomial = ''Trigonobalanus excelsa''
-|binomial_authority = Loz.-Contr.,Hern.Com .&Henao-S.
-|}}
-'''''Trigonobalanus excelsa''''' is a species of [[plant]] in the [[Fagaceae]] family. It is a tree [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Colombia]].
+'''''Trigonobalanus excelsa''''', commonly called the '''Colombian black oak''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fondationfranklinia.org/en/conservation-colombian-black-oak/|title=In situ conservation of the Colombian Black Oak|date=August 25, 2021}}</ref> is a species of [[plant]] in the family [[Fagaceae]]. It is a tree [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Colombia]].
+The genus ''[[Trigonobalanus]]'' is related to the true [[oak]]s (''Quercus'') and includes three known species, ''T. excelsa'' and two species native to Southeast Asia.<ref name = iucn/>
-==Sources==
-* {{Cite journal | author = Calderon, E. | title = ''Trigonobalanus excelsa'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 1998 | page = e.T32076A9678789 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 1998 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/32076/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T32076A9678789.en | access-date = 22 December 2017}}
+==Description==
+''Trigonobalanus excelsa'' is a tree which can grow to {{cvt|20|-|40|m}} tall.<ref name = iucn/>
+==Range and habitat==
+''Trigonobalanus excelsa'' is known from five locations in the Colombian Andes. These locations are on different mountain ranges and distant from one another. The species' estimated [[area of occupancy]] (AOO) is less than 500 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name = iucn/>
+* The largest population is in [[Huila Department]] at the southern end of the [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Cordillera Oriental]]. It includes a black oak forest in [[Cueva de los Guácharos National Natural Park]] totaling 40,000 ha, and mountaintop black oak groves 50 km north in the towns of Pitalito, Suaza, Timaná, and Acevedo. Black oak is found only on the western slope of the cordillera.
+* In Guantentá-Río Fonce Flora and Fauna Sanctuary near Santander in the Cordillera Oriental, in small patches in riparian corridors, among forests of white oak (''[[Quercus humboldtii]]'').
+* In the municipalities of Amalfi, Antioquia and Serranía de San Lucas, Bolivar in the [[Cordillera Central (Colombia)|Cordillera Central]], 600 and 700 km north of the main Huila Department population.
+* In [[Farallones de Cali National Natural Park]] and in [[Valle del Cauca]] in the [[Cordillera Occidental (Colombia)|Cordillera Occidental]], about 200 km from the main Huila population.
+It grows in humid Andean montane forests between 1,400- and 2,200-meters elevation. It is found in mixed forests and in monospecific stands, typically in areas with steep slopes and poor soils. Some populations grow near forests of white oak (''Quercus humboldtii'').<ref name = iucn/>
+==Conservation==
+The species' conservation status is assessed as [[endangered species|endangered]]. It is known from relatively small and isolated populations. Some populations are in protected areas. The main population in Huila is not protected and is threatened with habitat loss from ongoing deforestation. Other populations, like those in Antioquia and Bolivar departments, have been greatly reduced by deforestation, and survive only in remnant forest patches.<ref name = iucn/>
+==References==
+{{Reflist}}
 {{Taxonbar|from=Q5466543}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Fagaceae]]
@@ Line 26: / Line 41: @@
 [[Category:Vulnerable plants]]
 [[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
+[[Category:Flora of the northwestern Andean montane forests]]
-{{Fagales-stub}}