Urochloa panicoides: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
GarryMann (talk | contribs)
717 edits
GarryMann (talk | contribs)
717 edits
Line 44: Line 44:


== Description==
== Description==
Tufted annual; culms 10-100 cm high, often ascending from prostrate rooting base. Leaf-blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, 2-15 cm long, 5-15 mm wide, subamplexicaul, coarse, glabrous or pubescent, the margins tuberculate-ciliate at least near the base. Inflorescence of 2-7 (-10 or rarely more) racemes on a common axis 1-6 cm long; racemes 1-6 cm long, bearing single or sometimes paired spikelets on a narrowly winged rhachis, the pedicels (sometimes also the rhachis) with white hairs. Spikelets elliptic, (2.5-) 3.5-4.5 (-5) mm long, acute; lower glume ovate, a quarter to almost half as long as the spikelet, very rarely more, 3-5-nerved, obtuse to subacute; upper glume often with crossveins, glabrous or pubescent lower lemma sometimes with a setose fringe; upper lemma rugulose with a mucro 0.3-1 mm long.
[[Tuft]]ed [[annual]]; [[culm]]s 10-100 cm high, often ascending from prostrate rooting base. [[Leaf-blade]]s linear to narrowly [[lanceolate]], 2-15 cm long, 5-15 mm wide, [[subamplexicaul]], coarse, [[glabrous]] or [[pubescent]], the margins [[tuberculate]]-[[ciliate]] at least near the base. [[Inflorescence]] of 2-7 (-10 or rarely more) [[racemes]] on a common axis 1-6 cm long; racemes 1-6 cm long, bearing single or sometimes paired [[spikelets]] on a narrowly winged [[rhachi]]s, the [[pedicel]]s (sometimes also the rhachis) with white hairs. Spikelets elliptic, (2.5-) 3.5-4.5 (-5) mm long, acute; lower glume ovate, a quarter to almost half as long as the spikelet, very rarely more, 3-5-nerved, [[obtuse]] to [[subacute]]; upper [[glume]] often with crossveins, glabrous or pubescent lower [[lemma]] sometimes with a [[setose]] fringe; upper lemma [[rugulose]] with a [[mucro]] 0.3-1 mm long.
In common with several other species of the genus, Urochloa panicoides has forms with glabrous, pubescent or setosely fringed spikelets; they appear to be of no taxonomic importance.
In common with several other species of the genus, ''Urochloa panicoides'' has forms with glabrous, pubescent or setosely fringed spikelets; they appear to be of no taxonomic importance.

Urochloa setigera can be confused with forms of U. panicoides with pubescent, paired spikelets, especially when the base is missing. Urochloa panicoides has less abruptly cuspidate spikelets, a more coarsely rugose fertile floret, and a much longer mucro on the upper lemma.
''[[Urochloa setigera]]'' can be confused with forms of ''U. panicoides'' with pubescent, paired spikelets, especially when the base is missing. ''Urochloa panicoides'' has less abruptly [[cuspidate]] spikelets, a more coarsely rugose fertile [[floret]], and a much longer mucro on the upper lemma.

==Distribution==
==Distribution==
Pakistan (Punjab, N.W.F.P. & Kashmir); Sudan to Yemen and south-wards to South Africa: India; introduced to Australia. Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India; E and S Africa]. BOT, LES, NAM, EC, FS, GA, KN, LP, MP, NC, NW, SWZ
Pakistan (Punjab, N.W.F.P. & Kashmir); Sudan to Yemen and south-wards to South Africa: India; introduced to Australia. Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India; E and S Africa]. BOT, LES, NAM, EC, FS, GA, KN, LP, MP, NC, NW, SWZ

Revision as of 12:53, 30 September 2007

Urochloa panicoides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Division:
Magnoliophyta
Class:
Poales
Order:
Liliopsida
Family:
Poaceae – grass
Subfamily:
Panicoideae
Genus:
Urochloa Beauv. – cockspur grass
Species:
U. panicoides
Binomial name
Urochloa panicoides (L.) P.Beauv. – Annual signal grass
(L.) [[Beauverd, Gustave (1867-1942)
Beauv]]


Introduction

Urochloa panicoides (L.) P.Beauv.. is a fodder grass originating in Southern Africa.

Synonymes

  • Panicum borzianum Mattei fide Fl. Trop. E. Africa: 603.
  • Panicum controversum Steud.
  • Panicum helopus Trin. in Spreng. [1]
  • Panicum helopus Trin. forma forma glabrescens K.Schum. fide Fl. Trop. E. Africa
  • Panicum hirsutum Koen. ex Roxb.
  • Panicum hochstetteranum A.Rich.
  • Panicum javanicum Poir.
  • Panicum oxycephalum Peter
  • Panicum panicoides (P. Beauv.) Hitchc.
  • Panicum setarioides Peter - (1928), non Steud. (1854).-- nom.nud.
  • Urochloa helopus (Trin.) Stapf
  • Urochloa marathensis Henr.
  • Urochloa marathensis var. velutina Henr.
  • Urochloa ruschii Pilg.
  • Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 53,
  • Urochloa panicoides var. marathensis (Henr.) Bor.
  • Urochloa panicoides var. pubescens (Kunth) Bor
  • Urochloa panicoides var. velutina (Henr.) Bor
  • Urochloa pubescens Kunth

Description

Tufted annual; culms 10-100 cm high, often ascending from prostrate rooting base. Leaf-blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, 2-15 cm long, 5-15 mm wide, subamplexicaul, coarse, glabrous or pubescent, the margins tuberculate-ciliate at least near the base. Inflorescence of 2-7 (-10 or rarely more) racemes on a common axis 1-6 cm long; racemes 1-6 cm long, bearing single or sometimes paired spikelets on a narrowly winged rhachis, the pedicels (sometimes also the rhachis) with white hairs. Spikelets elliptic, (2.5-) 3.5-4.5 (-5) mm long, acute; lower glume ovate, a quarter to almost half as long as the spikelet, very rarely more, 3-5-nerved, obtuse to subacute; upper glume often with crossveins, glabrous or pubescent lower lemma sometimes with a setose fringe; upper lemma rugulose with a mucro 0.3-1 mm long. In common with several other species of the genus, Urochloa panicoides has forms with glabrous, pubescent or setosely fringed spikelets; they appear to be of no taxonomic importance.

Urochloa setigera can be confused with forms of U. panicoides with pubescent, paired spikelets, especially when the base is missing. Urochloa panicoides has less abruptly cuspidate spikelets, a more coarsely rugose fertile floret, and a much longer mucro on the upper lemma.

Distribution

Pakistan (Punjab, N.W.F.P. & Kashmir); Sudan to Yemen and south-wards to South Africa: India; introduced to Australia. Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India; E and S Africa]. BOT, LES, NAM, EC, FS, GA, KN, LP, MP, NC, NW, SWZ

Ecology

Moist grasslands, lakesides up to Alt: 140 - 2200 m.

Usage

This is an excellent fodder grass for both cattle and horses, ascending to about 1500 m,mainly in cultivated land.

Diseases and Pests

This grass is susceptible to the maize streak monogeminivirus (also called bajra streak, cereal African streak virus, maize streak A virus). This virus is transmitted by an insect Cicadulina mbila, C. arachidis, C. bipunctella, C. triangula, C. bimaculata, C. similis, C. latens, C. ghaurii, C. parazeae; Cicadellidae. It is also susceptible to the Cereal chlorotic mottle (?) nucleorhabdovirus. This too is transmitted by insect: Nesoclutha pallida, Cicadula bimaculata, Cicadulina bipunctata ssp. Bipunctella.

Ecology and control

Punjabi dialect forms

The following Punjabi dialect forms are recorded in Punjab for this grass:

Indian languages

in India: barajalgauti, harat, basaunta, chaprai Ia. chat ta. gal¬phula. jal-ganti, jalganti. jhun. kaadu hilisamme kaadubilli-saatnal hullo. kakdel. kuwain, kowin. kuri, kuriya, motia. pandhar, poir.salla-woodoo, sallawudu, sam¬wan, semai.

Indo-Aryan languages

=Dravidian languages

Non-Indian languages

  • ‘’’Afrikaans’’’: tuin-urochltta, tuinheesgras, heesgras, cenjarige sinjaalgras, kurimanna, tuingras.
  • Chinese: 黍尾稃草 lei shu wei fu cao
  • ‘’’English’’’: annual signal grass, garden signal grass, garden grass, panic liverseed grass, liverseed grass, urochloa grass, garden urochloa, herringbone grass, kuri-millet, poke, panic urochloa grass, urochloa, garden.
  • ‘’’Somali’’’: farsho
  • ‘’’Sotho’’’: kgola, kgolane, bore-ba-ntjia
  1. ^ Neue Entdeckungen im Ganzen Umfang der Pflanzenkunde 2: 84. 1821.. 2:84. 1821. Duthie, Fodder Grasses 8. 1888.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Urochloa_panicoides&oldid=161311641"