Urochloa panicoides
| Urochloa panicoides | ||
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| Species: | U. panicoides
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| Binomial name | ||
| Urochloa panicoides (L.) P.Beauv. – Annual signal grass (L.) [[Beauverd, Gustave (1867-1942)
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Beauv]] | |
Introduction
Urochloa panicoides (L.) P.Beauv..
Synonymes
Panicum borzianum Mattei fide Fl. Trop. E. Africa: 603. Panicum controversum Steud. Panicum helopus Trin. in Spreng., Neue Entdeckungen im Ganzen Umfang der Pflanzenkunde 2: 84. 1821.. 2:84. 1821. Duthie, Fodder Grasses 8. 1888. Panicum helopus Trin. forma forma glabrescens K.Schum. fide Fl. Trop. E. Africa Panicum helopus Trin. var. glabrescens (K.Schum.) Stapf • Panicum hirsutum Koen. ex Roxb. Panicum hochstetteranum A.Rich. • Panicum javanicum Poir. Panicum oxycephalum Peter • Panicum panicoides (P. Beauv.) Hitchc. • Panicum panicoides (P. Beauv.) Hitchc.
Panicum setarioides Peter - (1928), non Steud. (1854).-- nom.nud. Urochloa helopus (Trin.) Stapf • Urochloa marathensis Henr. • Urochloa marathensis var. velutina Henr. Urochloa ruschii Pilg. Urochloa panicoides P. Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 53, t.11/1. 1812. Bor, Fl. Assam 5:261. 1940; Sultan & Stewart, Grasses W. Pak. 1:42. 1958; Bor, Grasses Burma Ceyl. Ind. Pak. 372. 1960; Bor in Rech.f., Fl. Iran. 70:483. 1970. • Urochloa panicoides var. marathensis (Henr.) Bor. • Urochloa panicoides var. pubescens (Kunth) Bor • Urochloa panicoides var. velutina (Henr.) Bor • Urochloa pubescens Kunth
Description
Tufted annual; culms 10-100 cm high, often ascending from prostrate rooting base. Leaf-blades linear to narrowly lanceolate, 2-15 cm long, 5-15 mm wide, subamplexicaul, coarse, glabrous or pubescent, the margins tuberculate-ciliate at least near the base. Inflorescence of 2-7 (-10 or rarely more) racemes on a common axis 1-6 cm long; racemes 1-6 cm long, bearing single or sometimes paired spikelets on a narrowly winged rhachis, the pedicels (sometimes also the rhachis) with white hairs. Spikelets elliptic, (2.5-) 3.5-4.5 (-5) mm long, acute; lower glume ovate, a quarter to almost half as long as the spikelet, very rarely more, 3-5-nerved, obtuse to subacute; upper glume often with crossveins, glabrous or pubescent lower lemma sometimes with a setose fringe; upper lemma rugulose with a mucro 0.3-1 mm long. In common with several other species of the genus, Urochloa panicoides has forms with glabrous, pubescent or setosely fringed spikelets; they appear to be of no taxonomic importance. Urochloa setigera can be confused with forms of U. panicoides with pubescent, paired spikelets, especially when the base is missing. Urochloa panicoides has less abruptly cuspidate spikelets, a more coarsely rugose fertile floret, and a much longer mucro on the upper lemma.
Distribution
Pakistan (Punjab, N.W.F.P. & Kashmir); Sudan to Yemen and south-wards to South Africa: India; introduced to Australia. Sichuan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India; E and S Africa]. BOT, LES, NAM, EC, FS, GA, KN, LP, MP, NC, NW, SWZ
Ecology
Moist grasslands, lakesides up to Alt: 140 - 2200 m.
Usage
This is an excellent fodder grass for both cattle and horses, ascending to about 1500 m,mainly in cultivated land.
Diseases and Pests
This grass is susceptible to the maize streak monogeminivirus (also called bajra streak, cereal African streak virus, maize streak A virus). This virus is transmitted by an insect Cicadulina mbila, C. arachidis, C. bipunctella, C. triangula, C. bimaculata, C. similis, C. latens, C. ghaurii, C. parazeae; Cicadellidae. It is also susceptible to the Cereal chlorotic mottle (?) nucleorhabdovirus. This too is transmitted by insect: Nesoclutha pallida, Cicadula bimaculata, Cicadulina bipunctata ssp. Bipunctella.
Ecology and control
Punjabi dialect forms
The following Punjabi dialect forms are recorded in Punjab for this grass:
Indian languages
in India: barajalgauti, harat, basaunta, chaprai Ia. chat ta. gal¬phula. jal-ganti, jalganti. jhun. kaadu hilisamme kaadubilli-saatnal hullo. kakdel. kuwain, kowin. kuri, kuriya, motia. pandhar, poir.salla-woodoo, sallawudu, sam¬wan, semai.
Indo-Aryan languages
=Dravidian languages
Non-Indian languages
- ‘’’Afrikaans’’’: tuin-urochltta, tuinheesgras, heesgras, cenjarige sinjaalgras, kurimanna, tuingras.
- Chinese: 黍尾稃草 lei shu wei fu cao
- ‘’’English’’’: annual signal grass, garden signal grass, garden grass, panic liverseed grass, liverseed grass, urochloa grass, garden urochloa, herringbone grass, kuri-millet, poke, panic urochloa grass, urochloa, garden.
- ‘’’Somali’’’: farsho
- ‘’’Sotho’’’: kgola, kgolane, bore-ba-ntjia