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! style="background:#E6E6FA; font-size:110%" | Legal recognition of<br />[[Same-sex relationship]]s
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! style="background:#E6E6FA" | Same-sex marriage
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|style="font-size: 90%;"|
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[[Same-sex marriage in Belgium|Belgium]]<br/>
[[Same-sex marriage in Canada|Canada]]<br/>
[[Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]<br/>
{{col-break}}
[[Recognition of gay unions in Norway|Norway]] (2009-1-1)<br/>
[[Same-sex marriage in South Africa|South Africa]]<br/>
[[Same-sex marriage in Spain|Spain]]<br/>
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|-<hr/>
|style="font-size: 90%;"|'''Recognized in some regions'''
|-
|style="font-size: 90%;"|
{{col-begin}}
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[[Same-sex marriage in the United States|United States]] ([[Same-sex marriage in California|CA]], [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Connecticut|CT]], [[Same-sex marriage in Massachusetts|MA]])<br />
{{col-end}}
|-<hr/>
|style="font-size: 90%;"|'''Foreign marriages recognized'''
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|style="font-size: 90%;"|
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[[Same-sex marriage in Aruba|Aruba]]<br/>
[[Same-sex marriage in Israel|Israel]]<br/>
[[Same-sex marriage in France|France]]<br />
[[Same-sex marriage in the Netherlands Antilles|Netherlands Antilles]]<br/>
[[Same-sex marriage in the United States|United States]] ([[Same-sex marriage in New York|NY]])<br/>
{{col-end}}
|-
! style="background:#E6E6FA" | Civil unions and <br/> registered partnerships
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| style="font-size: 90%;"|
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[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Andorra|Andorra]]<br/>
[[Civil union in Belgium|Belgium]]<br/>
[[Civil union in the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Denmark|Denmark]]<br/>
[[Same-sex marriage in Ecuador|Ecuador]]<br/>
[[Civil union in Finland|Finland]]<br/>
[[Pacte civil de solidarité|France]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Germany|Germany]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Hungary|Hungary]] (2009-1-1)<br/>
{{col-break}}
[[Civil union in Iceland|Iceland]]<br/>
[[Civil union in Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]<br/>
[[Civil union in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]<br/>
[[Civil union in New Zealand|New Zealand]]<br/>
[[Civil union in Slovenia|Slovenia]]<br/>
[[Civil union in Sweden|Sweden]]<br/>
[[Civil union in Switzerland|Switzerland]]<br/>
[[Civil partnership in the United Kingdom|United&nbsp;Kingdom]]<br/>
[[Civil unions in Uruguay|Uruguay]]<br/>
{{col-end}}
|-<hr/>
|style="font-size: 90%;"|'''Recognized in some regions'''
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|style="font-size: 90%;"|
{{col-begin}}
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[[Civil union in Argentina|Argentina]] ([[Buenos Aires|C]], [[Río Negro Province|RN]], [[Villa Carlos Paz|VCP]])<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex relationships in Australia|Australia]] ([[Domestic partnership in Tasmania|TAS]], [[Australian Capital Territory|ACT]], [[Victoria (Australia)|VIC]] eff. 2008-12-1)<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Brazil|Brazil]] ([[Rio Grande do Sul|RS]])<br/>
<!--DPs in Nova Scotia and civil unions in Quebec still exist; it is not duplicative of Canadian marriage, so please do not remove.-->[[Canada]] ([[Domestic partnership in Nova Scotia|NS]], [[Civil unions in Quebec|QC]])<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Mexico|Mexico]] ([[Coahuila|Coah.]], [[Mexico City|DF]])<br/>
[[Civil union in the United States|United States]] ([[Domestic partnership in California|CA]], [[Domestic partnership in the District of Columbia|DC]], [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Hawaii|HI]], [[Domestic partnership in Maine|ME]], [[Civil unions in New Hampshire|NH]], [[Recognition of same-sex unions in New Jersey|NJ]], [[Domestic partnership in Oregon|OR]], [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Vermont|VT]], [[Domestic partnership in Washington|WA]])<br/>
{{col-end}}
|-
! style="background:#E6E6FA" | Unregistered co-habitation
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| style="font-size: 90%;"|
{{col-begin}}
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[[Civil union in Argentina|Argentina]]<br />
[[Recognition of same-sex relationships in Australia|Australia]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Austria|Austria]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Brazil|Brazil]]<br/>
{{col-break}}
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Colombia|Colombia]]<br />
[[Civil union in Croatia|Croatia]]<br/>
[[Civil union in Israel|Israel]]<br/>
[[Civil union in Portugal|Portugal]]<br/>
{{col-end}}
|-
! style="background:#E6E6FA" | Recognition debated
|-
| style="font-size: 90%;"|
{{col-begin}}
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[[Same-sex marriage in Argentina|Argentina]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Austria|Austria]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex relationships in Australia|Australia]] ([[Queensland|QLD]])<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Brazil|Brazil]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Chile|Chile]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in China|China]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Colombia|Colombia]]<br/>
[[Civil union in Costa Rica|Costa Rica]]<br/>
[[Civil union in Croatia|Croatia]] <br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Cuba|Cuba]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Estonia|Estonia]]<br/>
{{col-break}}
[[LGBT rights in the Faroe Islands|Faroe Islands]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Greece|Greece]]<br />
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Ireland|Ireland]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Italy|Italy]]<br/>
[[Civil partnerships in Jersey|Jersey]]<br/>
[[Same-sex marriage in Latvia|Latvia]]<br/>
[[Civil union in Liechtenstein|Liechtenstein]]<br/>
[[Same-sex marriage in Lithuania|Lithuania]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Poland|Poland]]<br/>
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Romania|Romania]]<br/>
[[LGBT rights in Slovakia#Recognition of Same-sex Couples|Slovakia]]<br/>
[[Same-sex marriage in Taiwan|Taiwan]]<br/>
{{col-end}}[[Same-sex marriage in the United States|United States]] ([[Same-sex marriage in Iowa|IA]], [[Same-sex marriage in Illinois|IL]], [[Same-sex marriage in Maryland|MD]], [[Same-sex marriage in New Mexico|NM]], [[Same-sex marriage in New York|NY]], [[Same-sex marriage in Rhode Island|RI]])<br/>


|-<hr/>
{{Taxobox
| style="background:#E6E6FA" | '''Recognition granted,<br />same-sex marriage debated'''
| name = Black Cherry
|-
| image = Amerikaanse vogelkers Prunus serotina closeup.jpg
| style="font-size: 90%;"|
| image_width = 240px
{{col-begin}}
| image_caption = Black Cherry flowers and leaves
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| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
[[Recognition of same-sex relationships in Australia|Australia]] ([[Recognition of same-sex relationships in Australia#Tasmania|TAS]])<br/>
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
[[Same-sex marriage in France|France]]<br/>
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
[[Recognition of same-sex unions in Hungary|Hungary]]<br/>
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
[[Civil union in Iceland|Iceland]]<br/>
| familia = [[Rosaceae]]
{{col-break}}
| subfamilia = [[Prunoideae]]
[[Same-sex marriage in New Zealand|New Zealand]]<br/>
| genus = ''[[Prunus]]''
[[Same-sex marriage in Portugal|Portugal]]<br/>
| subgenus = ''[[bird cherry (subgenus)|Padus]]''
[[Same-sex marriage in Sweden|Sweden]]<br/>
| species = '''''P. serotina'''''
[[Same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
| binomial = ''Prunus serotina''
{{col-end}}[[Same-sex marriage in the United States|United States]] [[Domestic partnership in the District of Columbia|DC]], ([[Recognition of same-sex unions in Hawaii|HI]], [[Domestic partnership in Maine|ME]], [[LGBT rights in New Hampshire|NH]], [[Recognition of same-sex unions in New Jersey|NJ]], [[Domestic partnership in Oregon|OR]], [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Vermont|VT]], [[Same-sex marriage in Washington|WA]])
| binomial_authority = [[Ehrh.]]
|-
}}
! style="background:#E6E6FA" | See also
|-
| style="font-size: 90%;"|
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
[[Civil union]]<br>
[[Domestic partnership]]<br>
[[:Category:Marriage, unions and partnerships by country|Listings by country]]
[[Registered partnership]]<br>
[[Same-sex marriage]]<br>
[[Timeline of same-sex marriage]]<br>
{{col-end}}
|-
!style="background:#E6E6FA"| [[Portal:LGBT|LGBT portal]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;"| {{Tnavbar|Same-sex unions}}
|-
|}<noinclude>


[[Category:LGBT templates|Same-sex unions]]
The '''Black Cherry''' (''Prunus serotina'', also occasionally Wild Black Cherry, Rum Cherry, or Mountain Black Cherry) is a species of [[Prunus|cherry]], native to [[Eastern United States|eastern]] [[North America]] from southern [[Quebec]] and [[Ontario]] south to [[Texas]] and central [[Florida]], with disjunct populations in [[Arizona]] and [[New Mexico]], and in the mountains of [[Mexico]] and [[Guatemala]].<ref name=silvics>Marquis, D. A. (undated). U.S. Forest Service Silvics Manual: [http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/prunus/serotina.htm ''Prunus serotina'' Ehrh. - Black Cherry]</ref><ref name=usda>USDA Plants Profile: [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=PRSE2 NCRS: ''Prunus serotina'']</ref>


[[pt:Predefinição:Uniões gays]]
[[Image:Amerikaanse vogelkers bessen Prunus serotina.jpg|left|thumb|Immature fruit]]
</noinclude>
==Description==
The Black Cherry is a species in the subgenus ''[[bird cherry (subgenus)|Padus]]'' with [[flower]]s in [[raceme]]s, and is a [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to 15-30 m tall with a trunk diameter of up to 70-120 cm, occasionally more. The [[leaf|leaves]] are simple, 6-14 cm long, with a serrated margin. The flowers are small (10-15 mm diameter), with five white petals and about 20 stamens, and are fragrant; there are around 40 flowers on each raceme. The [[fruit]] is a [[drupe]], 1 cm diameter, green to red at first, ripening black; it is usually [[astringent]] and bitter to eat fresh, but sometimes sweet. The fruit is readily eaten by [[bird]]s, which do not taste astringency as unpleasant.<ref name=mp>Missouriplants: [http://www.missouriplants.com/Whitealt/Prunus_serotina_page.html ''Prunus serotina'']</ref><ref name=silvics/>

Mature Black Cherry can easily be identified in a forest by its very broken, dark grey to black bark, which has the appearance of very thick, burnt potato chips. However, for about the first decade or so of its life, the bark resembles that of a [[Birch]], and is thin and striped. It can also quickly be identified by its long, shiny leaves resembling that of a [[Sourwood]], and by an almond-like odor when a young twig is scratched and held close to the nose.

==Subspecies==
There are two [[subspecies]]:<ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?30099 ''Prunus serotina'']</ref>
*''Prunus serotina'' subsp. ''serotina''. Canada, United States.
*''Prunus serotina'' subsp. ''capuli'' (Cav.) McVaugh. Mexico, Guatemala.
The typical subsp. ''serotina'' is sometimes further divided into four [[variety (biology)|varieties]], var. ''serotina'' in the east of the range, var. ''eximia'' in Texas, and vars. ''rufula'' and ''virens'' in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.<ref name=usda/>

Black Cherry is closely related to the [[Chokecherry]] (''Prunus virginiana''), however [[Chokecherry]] is classified as a shrub or small tree and has smaller and less glossy leaves.

==Ecology==
The Black Cherry is a [[pioneer species]]. In the [[Midwest]], it is seen growing mostly in old fields with other sunlight loving species, such as [[Black Walnut]], [[Black locust]], and [[Hackberry]]. It is a moderately long-lived tree, with ages of up to 258 years known, though it is prone to storm damage with branches breaking easily; any decay resulting however only progresses slowly.<ref name=silvics/>

The Black Cherry is also a host of [[caterpillar]]s of various [[Lepidoptera]]. See [[List of Lepidoptera which feed on Prunus|List of Lepidoptera which feed on ''Prunus'']]. The [[Eastern tent caterpillar]] defoliates entire groves some springs.

==Cultivation and uses==
The fruit is suitable for making [[jam]] and [[pie|cherry pies]]; they are also a popular flavoring for [[soft drink|soda]]s and used in many [[ice creams]].

The [[timber]] is valuable, perhaps the premier [[cabinet]]ry timber of the U.S., traded as "cherry". It is known for its strong red color and high price.

The foliage, particularly when wilted, contains [[cyanogenic glycoside]]s which convert to [[hydrogen cyanide]] if eaten by animals.<ref name=mp/> It is recommended that farmers remove any Black Cherry trees that fall in a field containing livestock, because the wilted leaves could poison the animals. Removal is not always practical though, because Black Cherries often grow in very large numbers on farms, taking advantage of the light brought about by mowing and grazing. Entire fencerows can be lined with this poisonous tree, making it difficult to monitor all the branches falling into the grazing area.

Black Cherry is locally [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalized]] in parts of [[Europe]], having escaped from cultivation as an [[ornamental tree]].<ref>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2722 ''Prunus serotina'']</ref>

==Caution==
Take care when harvesting wild fruit, as the poisonous [[Rhamnus cathartica|Common Buckthorn]] bears a strong resemblance to the Black Cherry. They have a different pattern of fruit growth, and the buckthorn leaf has curved veins rather than straight. In addition buckthorn has 2 or more seeds instead of the cherry's single pit.

==References==
{{Commons|Prunus serotina}}
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cherries]]
[[Category:Flora of North America]]
[[Category:Trees of the United States]]
[[Category:Trees of Canada]]
[[Category:Trees of Mexico]]
[[Category:Trees of the Eastern United States|Cherry, Black]]
[[Category:Trees of the Plains-Midwest (United States)|Cherry, Black]]
[[Category:Trees of Ontario|Cherry, Black]]
[[Category:Trees of Quebec|Cherry, Black]]
[[Category:Trees of humid continental climate]]

[[da:Glansbladet Hæg]]
[[de:Späte Traubenkirsche]]
[[es:Prunus serotina]]
[[fr:Cerisier tardif]]
[[nah:Ēlōcapolcuahuitl]]
[[nl:Amerikaanse vogelkers]]
[[pl:Czeremcha amerykańska]]
[[ru:Черёмуха поздняя]]

Revision as of 17:36, 10 October 2008

Legal recognition of
Same-sex relationships
Same-sex marriage
Recognized in some regions
Foreign marriages recognized
Civil unions and
registered partnerships
Recognized in some regions
Unregistered co-habitation
Recognition debated
United States (IA, IL, MD, NM, NY, RI)
Recognition granted,
same-sex marriage debated
United States DC, (HI, ME, NH, NJ, OR, VT, WA)
See also
LGBT portal
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