Austrian Association for Settlements and Allotment Gardens

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Austrian Association for Settlements and Allotments was founded in 1920 by Otto Neurath and from 1921 was under the Austrian Settlement, Housing and Building Guild .

Origin and development

In Vienna in the 1920s, until 1923, the government was unable to provide its citizens with an infrastructure that could alleviate the prevailing food, oil and coal shortages. The urban middle and working class therefore moved to meadows and forests on the outskirts of the city, lived in huts and built allotments so as not to starve. On the one hand, these semi-legal wild settlers alleviated the housing shortage in the city. On the other hand, the resulting anomie led to entire forests being cut down and building conventions violated.

In this respect, the association had set itself the task of alleviating the plight of the settlers, promoting urban planning as the integration of interests from above and below and regulating the chaos-like conditions through the settlers' concept of self-help.

To this end, the association supported the settlers in their project. This was done, for example, by the construction office set up as a subdivision in 1922 , in which the architect Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky designed emergency accommodation, interior fittings and, from 1923, core houses . Core houses were expandable prefabricated houses of various types that you could order in the catalog and assemble yourself.

The association also founded a settlement school in 1921 , which offered settlers, architects, organizers and advisers systematic lessons for the winter. Viennese architects worked here as teachers in 19 courses, four of which taught purely technical content, while 15 courses focused on cultural and social issues.

Furthermore, a large open-air exhibition was organized in the center of Vienna in 1923 in order to illustrate living, gardening and planning as elements of social life using replicas, furniture, models and images.

In 1923 Neurath founded the Museum for Settlements and Urban Development in order to be able to show the exhibits of the open-air exhibition on a permanent basis. Here, the urban housing program, the history of urban planning and general architecture and settlement developments were discussed in order to promote the public's understanding of architecture.

termination

The association, with its mediating function and the range of emergency solutions, soon became increasingly insignificant. In the end, only 673 of the planned 3000 core houses were realized because these emergency solutions were required less and less. The settlers found jobs, delegated the building of houses and thus thwarted the concept of self-help.

The Museum for Settlements and Urban Development was renamed and expanded to the extent that its exhibits were integrated into a more comprehensive concept: the Vienna Museum of Social and Economic Affairs, founded in 1925, comprised the departments of work and organization, housing development and urban development, social hygiene and social insurance, as well as intellectual life and school.

In this respect, the direct aid to settlers was transferred to a museum educational work.

See also

literature

  • Vossoughian, Nader: The language of the Global Polis. Rotterdam 2008
  • Neurath, Otto (1945): From hieroglyphics to Isotype. A visual autobiography. Edited by Eve, Matthew / Burke, Christopher. London 2010

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Vossoughian, Nader: The language of the Global Polis. Rotterdam 2008, p. 31
  2. ↑ Vossoughian, Nader: The language of the Global Polis. Rotterdam 2008, pp. 17f, 31
  3. ↑ Vossoughian, Nader: The language of the Global Polis. Rotterdam 2008, pp. 18, 31
  4. ^ Neurath, Otto (1945): From hieroglyphics to Isotype. A visual autobiography. Edited by Eve, Matthew / Burke, Christopher. London 2010, p. 99
  5. ↑ Vossoughian, Nader: The language of the Global Polis. Rotterdam 2008, p. 34f
  6. ^ Kospach, Julia (2010): Bild-Esperanto. https://www.fr.de/kultur/kunst/bild-esperanto-11661709.html . (Accessed October 31, 2010.), p. 2
  7. ↑ Vossoughian, Nader: The language of the Global Polis. Rotterdam 2008, p. 32
  8. ^ Neurath, Otto (1945): From hieroglyphics to Isotype. A visual autobiography. Edited by Eve, Matthew / Burke, Christopher. London 2010, p. 100
  9. ^ Neurath, Paul: Otto Neurath (1882-1945). Life and work. In: ders./Nemeth, Elisabeth (ed.): Otto Neurath or the unity of science and society. Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 1994, p. 59
  10. ↑ Vossoughian, Nader: The language of the Global Polis. Rotterdam 2008, p. 55
  11. ↑ Vossoughian, Nader: The language of the Global Polis. Rotterdam 2008, p. 39
  12. ^ Neurath, Otto (1925): Society and Economic Museum in Vienna. In: ders .: Collected pictorial educational writings. Edited by Haller, Rudolf / Kinross, Robin. Vienna 1991, p. 3
  13. ↑ Groß, Angelique: The image pedagogy Otto Neuraths. Methodical principles of the presentation of knowledge. Publications of the Vienna Circle Institute. Jumper. Heidelberg 2015, p. 95