Đinh Bộ Lĩnh
Đinh Bộ Lĩnh (Chinese: 丁 部 領), (* 924 ; † 979 ) was the first Vietnamese emperor and founder of the state. His government title was Đinh Tiên Hoàng (chin. 丁先皇).
Political career
Vietnam, called Anhai at the time, consisted of several prefectures. Of these, the most important were Jiao in the north - near China -, Ai in the center and Hoan in the south. Dinh Bo Linh was governor of Hoan and thus used to fighting with regular raids from the south. At that time China, which Annam had ruled for centuries and was now also in political retreat - in which it had made Vietnam a protectorate and then a bulwark against the south - was politically weakened and economically emaciated. Dinh took this opportunity and moved into the region of the Red River with his supporters, whom he had recruited in the south among the peasants and dissatisfied with the government . There he allied himself with the Cantonese Tran Lam, who was a powerful trading godfather and who later adopted Dinh. The border to the north was ruled by bandits, so no intervention from China was in sight. With his force he pacified the region of the Red River and the warriors of the Ngo clan submitted to him. For tactical reasons, he made Hoa Lư his capital.
In 966 Dinh Bo Linh made himself emperor . In the Sinitic world view, however, the emperor was the son of heaven, so there could only be one of them. With the appointment as emperor, Dinh renounced himself and his empire Dai Co Viet from China. In 967 he appointed his son Lien king of Nan Viet (Nanyue) in reference to the first Chinese dynasty on Vietnamese soil under Zhao Tuo , viet. Trieu Da. As the first era name he chose Thai-binh "great peace".
The government of Dinh Bo Linh was similar in its ministries and titles to the Chinese, which was the only known concept, but Daoists and Buddhists also had a high position.
The basic government was structured like this:
- Emperor and five empresses with equal rights (no cohabitation)
- King of Nam Viet, son of the emperor
- Prince
- Judge
- general
- two Buddhist masters
- a Taoist master
- Son-in-law of the emperor
Dinh Bo Linh built shrines for the gods of earth and grain, as was common practice in China for new rulers - however, the god of earth does not correspond to the she 社 or tudi 土地 known in China , but to the geomantic julong . In later history, this became a synonym for the founding of the state.
Fearing an invasion by the Chinese, Dinh sent Tribut and his son Lien to the Tang Empire in the name of the empire. There Lien was recognized with the title of Annam Protector General and in 975 Dinh Bo Linh himself became "King of Jiaozhi Prefecture" (old Chinese term for Vietnam). This was the first official royal title used for Vietnam.
The end of Dinh Bo Linh
Although his son Lien was his only adult son and his right-hand man, he installed his son Hang Lang - who was still a baby - as heir to the throne. This was sharply condemned by later historians, and Hang Lang's mother was accused of political manipulation in order to secure power for her clan. However, this did not last long, because Lien had Hang Lang murdered.
Shortly afterwards in 979 both Lien and his father Dinh Bo Linh were murdered in their sleep by the Marquis Do Thich. His motive remains unclear, in one text it is said that he hid in the palace for three days, was then discovered and "torn and eaten" by the people. However, this should not be taken literally, but in the sense that he was destroyed.
After a 10-year interim period under Lê Hoàn, Lý Công Uẩn ascended the throne in 1009 , supported by the Buddhist clergy, under the ruler's name Lý Thái T,, thus establishing the Lý dynasty .
Legends
In the earliest legends his youth is depicted as a boy in a village playing or herding buffalo. This should represent the charismatic leader's closeness to peasant values.
Later legends speak of a prophecy that foretold Dinh Bo Linh's death. The historians wanted to express that Dinh was a national hero - but not perfect. In the 19th century the legend arises that Dinh Bo Linh was the son of an otter - a magical, shape-changing water spirit. He used a ruse to bury his father's bones in a dragon vein that was important to the Chinese Daoists at the bottom of the lake near his village. This gave him the mandate of heaven and should become an important ruler. However, the Chinese geomancer, from whom he had coaxed the secret, retaliated by duping him and thus spoiling Dinh Bo Linh's fate, which led to his death.
This legend has several motives:
- The independence of Vietnam
- The revenge of the Chinese, who later invaded North Vietnam several times
- The investiture of the ruler by a water deity or a water spirit, as it was before and v. a. in the retrospective historiography of the 14th – 15th centuries Century in Vietnam. This represented an alternative method of legitimation in contrast to the Chinese imperial investiture.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Taylor, Keith. The Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley, 1983. pp. 278-279.
- ↑ Taylor, Keith. The Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley, 1983. pp. 283-285.
- ↑ Taylor, Keith. The Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley, 1983. pp. 286-289.
- ↑ Taylor, Keith. The Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley, 1983. pp. 275-277.
- ↑ Taylor, Keith. The Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley, 1983. pp. 289-292.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Đinh Bộ Lĩnh |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Vietnamese politician and founder of the state |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 924 |
| DATE OF DEATH | 979 |