Subria
Schubria (Šubria, Šupria) was an Iron Age kingdom in eastern Anatolia, in the foothills of the Taurus northeast of Diyarbakır and south of the Murat . Center what the valley of Batman Su . It bordered Bit Zamani to the west and Nairi and the Assyrian province of Tušḫan to the east, and Ka (š) šiari ( Tur Abdin ) to the south . The population seems to have been at least partially Hurrian . The name of a ruler, Hu-Tešub, is certainly Hurrian, but most of the other traditional personal names are Aramaic .
M. Chahin wants to interpret Schubria, which he localizes in the lower valley of Murat Su and in the western valley of the upper Tigris, as an early Armenian state. In contrast, T. Sinclair localizes Schubria in the eastern part of the valley of the upper Tigris.
history
Its location between the warring kingdoms of the Assyrians and the Urartians allowed Šubria to maintain its independence for a relatively long time. After the letter SBL 252 from the reign of Sargon , ambassadors ( sērāni ) from Šubria arrived in Shabireschu , who were supposed to bring the madattu tribute to Assyria. The author of the letter is a certain Assur-dūr-pānīja, who also transmits news to the king about the conditions in Subria. It is mainly about the treatment of defectors who were assigned fields, gardens and houses in Šubria. Some of them were also hidden from their Assyrian persecutors, to the annoyance of the qepu , officials charged with monitoring the vassal states.
After the conquest by Assurhaddon (680–669 BC), Subria was divided into the provinces of Upummu and Kulimmeri .
Ruler
- Anḫiti at the time of Shalmaneser III. (Bronze gates of Balawat )
- Hu-Tešub at the time of Sargon (721–705 BC)
- Inip-Tešub at the time of Assurhaddon
Cities
- Upumme / Upummu
- Kullimeri
literature
- Bradley J. Parker: At the edge of empire: conceptualizing Assyria's Anatolian frontier, ca.700 BC. Journal of anthropological Archeology 21, 2002, 371-395.
- M. Chahin: Some legendary kings of Armenia: can they be linked to authentic history? Society for Armenian Studies Occasional Papers 5th Cambridge, Society for Armenian Studies, 2nd edition 1986.
- T. Dezsö, T .: Subria and the Assyrian empire. Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 46 (2006), 33-38.
- K. Keßler: Shubria, Urartu and Ashur: topographical questions around the Tigris sources. In: M. Liverani (Ed.): Neo-Assyrian Geography. Roma 1995, 55-67.
- Karlheinz Kessler : Investigations into the historical topography of northern Mesopotamia. Wiesbaden 1980, 138.
- TA Sinclair: Review by M. Chahin, Some legendary kings of Armenia: can they be linked to authentic history? Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2, 1988, 409-410.