List of Assyrian provinces

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The list of Assyrian provinces includes the Neo-Assyrian provinces. The exact localization is not guaranteed everywhere. If possible, the date of the conquest is given. The basic work on the subject is by Emil Forrer . It was subjected to a critical review in 1993 at a conference at the University of Rome. The latest compilation was made in 2006 by Karen Radner .

The Assyrian word for province is pāḫutu . Forrer assumes that this, along with bēl pāḫete / bēl pāḫiti under Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. was adopted from the Babylonian. However, according to recent research, it appears to be older. Adad-nīrārī III. revised the system of provinces and introduced smaller units. Provinces were administered by an Assyrian governor ( šaknu ) and his deputy ( šaniu , literally "second"). Other important officials were the official clerks, the servant labor administrator ( urase ) and of course the local military commanders. The governor was subordinate to the city administrators ( ḫazannu ) and, at the lowest level, the heads of individual villages ( rab ālāni ). The provinces were in turn responsible for the upkeep of the Aššur temple in Assur, they sent food and other gifts. This system can be proven from Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I (1105-1077) to the end of the Assyrian Empire. The supply lists of the Assur temple under Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I are therefore an important source for the administrative structure of the Assyrian Empire in the 11th century.

As the first stage of the conquest, countries were made subject to tribute, they had the status of vassals. In the event of a rebellion, a punitive expedition took place, the corresponding ruler was killed and at least part of the population was deported, and the empire was made a province ( pāḫutu ). The formula was: I made the land xy (again) part of the land of Assyria. "I added land to the land of Assur, and people to its people." The first provinces west of the Euphrates, beyond the Assyrian heartland, were under Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. set up.

Provinces of the Central Assyrian Empire

The Assyrian word for province ( pāḫutu ) is found in this meaning from the time Aššur-uballit I. Since the evidence for the conquest of Hanigalbat ( Mittanis ) and other areas under Adad-nirari I. and Šulmanu-ašared I. in relation to the Establishment of province is insufficient, it is impossible to say exactly when a particular province was established. Therefore, the texts dated by eponyms with the naming of governors and the steles of the Assyrian officials are the best sources for governors and their provinces. With the appearance of the tax lists of the Aššur temple in Aššur ( ginā'u ), which is probably to be applied from Tukulti-Ninurta I. , lists of provinces can be recorded. For the year 1077 BC During the reign of Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I - 27 provinces can be identified.

All non-referenced information in the table can be found at Jakob and Radner.

province location governor king Remarks
Abilāte Bēl-šarra-uṣur Sulmanu-ašared I.
Uṣur-Bēl-šarra Sulmanu-ašared I.
Addariq 1077
Aḫurra Ninurtīja Aššur-dan I.
Amasakku Between al-Hasakah and Ras al-Ain . Name canceled Sulmanu-ašared I. 1077
Lā-qēpu Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I.
Amīmu Name canceled Tukulti-Ninurta I.
Apqu Tell Abu Mariah and surroundings 1077
Arba'il Erbil and surroundings Berê Aššur-reš-iši I. 1077
Aššukanni Tell Fecheriye and the surrounding area ...- uballiṭ approx. Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I. The alternative name of this province is the Lower Province ( pāḫutu šaplītu ).
Aššur Surroundings of Aššur Aššur-šuma-lēšir Sulmanu-ašared I. 1077; to what extent it is to be delimited from the province of Libbi-āle remains unclear.
Aššur-bēl-ilāne Tukulti-Ninurta I.
Urad-Kūbe Tukulti-Ninurta I. and successor
Erib-Ashur approx Ninurta-apil-ekur
Pišīja Ninurta-apil-ekur / Aššur-dan I.
Bēr-abī-uṣur Aššur-dan I.
Aššur-šuma-aṣbat Aššur-reš-iši I.
Rīš-Aššur approx. Aššur-reš-iši I.
Aššur-kettī-šēṣi Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I.
Zaḫūtu Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I.
Sulmānu-šuma-iqīš King unclear
Ittabši-dēn-Aššur King unclear
Burallu possibly on the Ḫābūr Name canceled approx. Aššur-dan I.
Dūr-Katlimmu Tell Shech Hamad and surroundings Katmuḫḫāju Sulmanu-ašared I. / Tukulti-Ninurta I. Possibly the seat of the King of Hanigalbat and Grand Vizier ( sukkallu rabi'u ).
Eṭir-Marduk Tukulti-Ninurta I.
Habriuri Aššur-murabbi approx. Aššur-reš-iši I. to Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I.
Habri'ūtu Ashur-išmânni Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I.
Halaḫḫu Tall al-'Abbasiya, probably near the later Dur-Sarrukin Bēr-šuma-iddina Ninurta-apil-ekur - 1171 1077
Eru-apla-iddina Aššur-dan I.
Harbe Tell Chuera and the surrounding area Sutī'u? Tukulti-Ninurta I.
Hiššutu / Hiššetu Qibi-Šamaš Sulmanu-ašared I. 1077
Mari'annu Tukulti-Ninurta I.  ? Successor of Qibi-Šamaš
Hurray Ashur-nāṣir approx. Aššur-reš-iši I. to Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I. Province on the banks of the Hurri River ( ša aḫ i7 Hurri )
Husanānu 1077
Idu probably Satu Qala on the lower Zab ; earlier it was identified with Hit or in its vicinity (Tell Bahije) Aššur-abuk-aḫḫē approx. Aššur-reš-iši I. to Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I. 1077
... šani; king Temporal classification unclear, probably between 1200 and 1000 BC Chr.
Abbi-zēri, son of ... šani; king Temporal classification unclear, probably between 1200 and 1000 BC Chr.
Ba'i ..., son of Abbi-zēri; king Temporal classification unclear, probably between 1200 and 1000 BC Chr.
Isana possibly identical to today's Senn on the west bank of the Tigris , near the confluence with the Great Zab Erib-Ashur approx. Aššur-dan I. Sulmanu-ašared I renovated the city's Adad temple
Marduk-uballissu Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I.
Ubasāju King unclear
Kalḫu Nimrud and surroundings 1077
Karānā Tell ar-Rimah and surroundings 1077
Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta Tulul al-ʿAqar Uṣur-namkūr-šarre Tukulti-Ninurta I.
Katmuḫḫu eastern Tur Abdin Aššur-šēzibanni Aššur-uballit I. 1077
Bēr-išmānni Tukulti-Ninurta I.
Mardukīja approx Ninurta-apil-ekur
Kilizu Qaṣr Šemāmok (between Kalhu and Arba'il) and surroundings Ibašši-ilī Aššur-dan I. 1077
Aššur-šallimšunu? Aššur-reš-iši I.
Kulišhinaš Tell Amuda and the surrounding area 1077
Kurda possibly Tall Aswad 1077
Libbi-āle probably only the city of Aššur itself 1077
Naturally am Ḫābūr Aššur-kettī-īde Sulmanu-ašared I.
Mele-Saḫ Sulmanu-ašared I. / Tukulti-Ninurta I.
Nâr-Zuḫini Puššaja Aššur-dan I.
Niḫrija in the Urfa area Aššur-šēzibanni Aššur-uballit I.
Ninua Aššur-šēzibanni Aššur-uballit I. 1077
Mudammeq-Marduk approx. Adad-nirari I. to Tukulti-Ninurta I.
Aššur-mudammeq approx. Aššur-nadin-apli
Samēdu approx Enlil-kudurrī-uṣur
Ninurtāju Aššur-dan I.
Qatni at the middle Ḫābūr Name canceled Aššur-dan I.
Saḫlala Name canceled Tukulti-Ninurta I.
Šadikanni Tell ʿAǧāǧa and Tell Maqbarat ʿAǧāǧa and their surroundings Kidin-Ninu'a Aššur-dan I. The alternative name of this province is the Upper Province ( pāḫutu ēlītu ).
... lim-Marduk Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I.
Ša-Silli south of the lower Zab 1077
Šibaniba Tell Billa and surroundings 1077
Šimu / i perhaps between Hazir and great Zab 1077
Sinamu Pornak at Diyarbakır Līšur-ṣala-Aššur Aššur-bel-kala
Šudu / Šūda near the Ḫābūr Kiditû? approx. Aššur-reš-iši I. 1077
Suduhu Kidin-Sîn Tukulti-Ninurta I. identical to Šudu / Šūda?
Šumēla 1077
Ta'idu Tell al-Hamidiya and the surrounding area Mušallim-Šamaš King unclear 1077
Sîn-balāssu-ēriš Aššur-dan I.
Talmuššu north of Nineveh Erib-Marduk Tukulti-Ninurta I. 1077, Šulmanu-ašared I. renovated the town's Ištar temple
Sîn-zēra-iddina Tukulti-apil-Ešarra I.
Turšan northwest of Nuzi , on the Lower Zab 1077
Tuttul Tall Bi'a at Ar-Raqqa Aššur-šuma-uṣur Tukulti-Ninurta I.

Provinces of the Neo-Assyrian Empire

province location governor king Remarks
Alzi On the upper Tigris
Amedi Upper Tigristal Covers parts of Bit Zamani , the capital was today's Diyarbakır
Bit Haza'ili Aram 733 under Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III.
Du'ru ( Dor ) Border in the south: the Yarkon River , border in the north: Mount Carmel 734 BC Chr.
Gal'aza ( Gilead ) Transjordan , Balqa and Jebel 'Ajlun 733/732 under Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. Under Assurhaddon divided into the provinces of Gilead in the south and Hamath in the north (Forrer 1920)
Gidir, Gadora (et-Tell) Israel, north of Tâb'el
Hamâth, Tell el-'Ammata, Wadi Rajib
Harhar In the Zagros Mountains Sargon II.
Haurim ( Hauran ) Transjordan 733/732 under Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III.
Hilakku Cilicia
Ḫubuškia Iran
Karalla Sargon II , 713 Formerly Mannai , residents partly deported
Kišesim Zagros, western media Sargon II.
Kulimmeri Northeast of Diyarbakır Formerly Subria
Kullani Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. probably Unqi (Amuq)
Manşuāti 732 BC Chr.
Province of the '' masennu '' Parts of Kumme and Ulluba ( Cizre plane) The latter was under Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. Conquered in 738 after an Aramaic rebellion against Kumme. Numerous deportees from the Levant were settled
URA Magidu Megiddo
Namri Iran
Pulua, Upper Tigris
Qarnini Transjordan 733/732 under Tukulti-apil-Ešarra III. The capital was Qarnaim
URA Samerina Samaria
Şīdūnu Sidon , Phenicia 676 BC Chr.
Schubria Upper Tigris
Tâb'el, KUR Ta-ab-i-la-a Transjordan, west of Ammon (Hebrew Tob'el, Aramaic Tab'el)
Tuschan Upper Tigristal (Nirdun), parts of Bit Zamani Assur-Nasirpal II. 882 BC Chr. The capital was the eponymous Tuschan (Ziyaret Tepe, 10 km east of Bismil )
Upummu Northeast of Diyarbakır Formerly Subria
Zamua media

literature

  • E. Forrer: The provincial division of the Assyrian Empire . Hinrichs, Leipzig 1920.
  • LD Levine: Geographical studies in the Neo-Assyrian Zagros . Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto 1974.
  • Mario Liverani (Ed.): Neo-Assyrian Geography . Herder, Rome 1995 ( Quaderni di Geografia Storica . Vol. 5).
  • FM Fales, JN Postgate: Imperial administrative records, part II: provincial and military administration . Helsinki University Press, Helsinki 1995, ISBN 951-570-248-8 ( State Archives of Assyria . Vol. 11).
  • Richard A. Henshaw: The office of Šaknu in Neo-Assyrian times . In: Journal of the American Oriental Society . No. 87/4, 1967, pp. 517-525.
  • Bradley J. Parker: At the edge of empire: conceptualizing Assyria's Anatolian frontier, ca.700 BC . In: Journal of anthropological Archeology . No. 21, 2002, pp. 371-395.
  • Simo Parpola: Assyria identity in ancient times and today ( http://www.aina.org/articles/assyrianidentity.pdf ).
  • Karen Radner: Province. C. Assyria . In: Michael P. Streck u. a. (Ed.): Real Lexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology ; Vol. 11; 1./2. Delivery: Prince, Princess - Qaṭṭara . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-11-019133-4 , pp. 42-68.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ E. Forrer: The provincial division of the Assyrian Empire . Hinrichs, Leipzig 1920.
  2. ↑ Mario Liverani (Ed.): Neo-Assyrian Geography . Herder, Rome 1995 ( Quaderni di Geografia Storica . Vol. 5).
  3. ^ Karen Radner: Province. C. Assyria . In: Michael P. Streck u. a .: Real Lexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology ; Vol. 11; 1./2. Delivery: Prince, Princess - Qaṭṭara . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-11-019133-4 , pp. 42-68.
  4. ^ A b J. N. Postgate: The Land of Assur and the Yoke of Assur . In: World Archeology . Vol. 23/3, 1992, p. 251.
  5. ^ Province of Aššur, see S. Jakob, Central Assyrian Administration and Social Structure . Brill, Leiden - Boston 2003 ( Cuneiform Monographs . Vol. 29), p. 14.
  6. ↑ For an evaluation cf. S. Jakob, Central Assyrian Administration and Social Structure . Brill, Leiden - Boston 2003 ( Cuneiform Monographs . Vol. 29), pp. 111-139.
  7. ↑ Walter Andrae : The rows of stelae in Assur . Hinrichs, Leipzig 1913.
  8. ↑ See S. Jakob, Central Assyrian Administration and Social Structure . Brill, Leiden - Boston 2003 ( Cuneiform Monographs . Vol. 29), pp. 175-182 with further literature.
  9. ↑ Compare with Helmut Freydank: Central Assyrian legal documents and administrative texts IV: Tables from Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta . Harrassowitz, Saarbrücken 2001, ISBN 978-3-447-05556-7 .
  10. ^ Karen Radner: Province. C. Assyria . In: Michael P. Streck u. a. (Ed.): Real Lexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology ; Vol. 11; 1./2. Delivery: Prince, Princess - Qaṭṭara . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-11-019133-4 , p. 43 and S. Jakob, Central Assyrian administration and social structure . Brill, Leiden - Boston 2003 ( Cuneiform Monographs . Vol. 29), p. 12.
  11. ↑ The dating of the corresponding text is now being questioned, possibly as early as the 12th century BC. To put, cf. H. Freydank: Notes on Central Assyrian Texts 5 . In: Ancient Near Eastern Research . Vol. 33, 2006, pp. 218f.
  12. ^ S. Jakob, Central Assyrian Administration and Social Structure . Brill, Leiden - Boston 2003 ( Cuneiform Monographs . Vol. 29), pp. 12, 111-139.
  13. ^ Karen Radner: Province. C. Assyria . In: Michael P. Streck u. a. (Ed.): Real Lexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology ; Vol. 11; 1./2. Delivery: Prince, Princess - Qaṭṭara . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-11-019133-4 , pp. 42-68.
  14. ↑ Khaled Nashef : The names of places and waters of the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian times . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1982, p. 28f.
  15. ^ A b Stefano Anastasio: Atlas of Preclassical Upper Mesopotamia . Brepols, Turnhout 2004, ISBN 2-503-99120-3 ( Subartu . Vol. 13), No. 113.
  16. ↑ Helmut Freydank: Central Assyrian legal documents and administrative texts VIII . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2007, ISBN 978-3-447-05678-6 , text no.22.
  17. ↑ a b H. Freydank: Notes on Central Assyrian Texts 5 . In: Ancient Near Eastern Research . Vol. 33, 2006, p. 219 with note 17.
  18. ↑ For example, Helmut Freydank: Mittelassyrische legal documents and administrative texts V . Harrassowitz, Saarbrücken 2004, ISBN 978-3-447-05563-5 , Text No. 41 and 44.
  19. ↑ K. Nashef: The names of places and waters of the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian times . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1982, pp. 74f.
  20. ^ S. Jakob, Central Assyrian Administration and Social Structure . Brill, Leiden - Boston 2003 ( Cuneiform Monographs . Vol. 29), pp. 55-64.
  21. ↑ a b Helmut Freydank: Central Assyrian legal documents and administrative texts VI . Saarländische Druckerei & Verlag, Saarbrücken 2005, ISBN 3-930843-94-3 , text no.86.
  22. ↑ K. Nashef: The names of places and waters of the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian times . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1982, p. 114f.
  23. ^ Against S. Jakob, Central Assyrian Administration and Social Structure . Brill, Leiden - Boston 2003 ( Cuneiform Monographs . Vol. 29), p. 112, who uses Aššur as his domain, is a governor of Halahhu, cf. on this Helmut Freydank: Central Assyrian legal documents and administrative texts VII . Saarländische Druckerei & Verlag, Saarwellingen 2006, ISBN 3-930843-99-4 ( Scientific publications of the German Orient Society . No. 111), Text No. 71, lines 6-7 ( i-na UGU D Be-er MU- SUM -na // EN pa-he-te ša KUR Ha-láh-hu ).
  24. ↑ Helmut Freydank: Central Assyrian legal documents and administrative texts VIII . Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2007, ISBN 978-3-447-05678-6 , text no.34.
  25. ↑ 35 ° 52'22 N, 44 ° 42'56 E, cf. Wilfred H. van Soldt: The Location of Idu . In: NABU . 2008, No. 55.
  26. ↑ K. Nashef: The names of places and waters of the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian times . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1982, pp. 135f.
  27. ^ Helmut Freydank: Central Assyrian legal documents and administrative texts VI . Saarländische Druckerei & Verlag, Saarbrücken 2005, ISBN 3-930843-94-3 , text no.22 .
  28. ↑ a b c Wilfred H. van Soldt: The Location of Idu . In: NABU . 2008, No. 55.
  29. ^ Stefano Anastasio: Atlas of Preclassical Upper Mesopotamia . Brepols, Turnhout 2004, ISBN 2-503-99120-3 ( Subartu . Vol. 13), No. 249.
  30. ^ Helmut Freydank: Central Assyrian legal documents and administrative texts VI . Saarländische Druckerei & Verlag, Saarbrücken 2005, ISBN 3-930843-94-3 , text no.85.
  31. ^ Stefano Anastasio: Atlas of Preclassical Upper Mesopotamia . Brepols, Turnhout 2004, ISBN 2-503-99120-3 ( Subartu . Vol. 13), No. 260.
  32. ↑ K. Nashef: The names of places and waters of the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian times . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1982, p. 173.
  33. ↑ K. Nashef: The names of places and waters of the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian times . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1982, pp. 205f.
  34. ↑ K. Nashef: The names of places and waters of the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian times . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1982, p. 221.
  35. ↑ K. Nashef: The names of places and waters of the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian times . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1982, p. 241f.
  36. ↑ Helmut Freydank: Mittelassyrische legal documents and administrative texts V . Harrassowitz, Saarbrücken 2004, ISBN 978-3-447-05563-5 , text no.27.
  37. ↑ K. Nashef: The names of places and waters of the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian times . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1982, p. 244f.
  38. ^ Stefano Anastasio: Atlas of Preclassical Upper Mesopotamia . Brepols, Turnhout 2004, ISBN 2-503-99120-3 ( Subartu . Vol. 13), No. 59.
  39. ↑ K. Nashef: The names of places and waters of the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian times . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1982, p. 251.
  40. ↑ Helmut Freydank: Central Assyrian legal documents and administrative texts VII . Saarländische Druckerei & Verlag, Saarwellingen 2006, ISBN 3-930843-99-4 ( Scientific publications of the German Orient Society . No. 111), Text No. 50
  41. ↑ Helmut Freydank: Mittelassyrische legal documents and administrative texts V . Harrassowitz, Saarbrücken 2004, ISBN 978-3-447-05563-5 , text no.42.
  42. ↑ K. Nashef: The names of places and waters of the Middle Babylonian and Middle Assyrian times . Dr. Ludwig Reichert, Wiesbaden 1982, p. 266.