Hubuškia

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Ḫubuškia, listed here under Nairi countries as Kubuchkia

Ḫubuškia (Hubuschkia, Chubuschkia, Kubuchkia) was an Iron Age kingdom in eastern Anatolia or western Iran.

geography

Ḫubuškia was a smaller Iron Age kingdom in the highlands north of Assyria, either in the Taurus or on the northern edge of the Iranian plateau . There are basically two localization suggestions:

  • Southeast of Musaṣir (Reade, Hulin, Kinnier Wilson)
  • North or northwest of Musaṣir (Salvini, Muscarella)

Reade settles it southeast of Musaṣir , southwest of Mannai and west of Gizilbunda . Mostly it is believed to be in the Chaneh valley on the upper small Zab , south of Lake Urmi , others settle it on the upper reaches of the Great Zab , in today's Yüksekova or Hakkâri .

history

There is hardly any information on the history of the country. According to the Kurkh stele , it was named 858 BC. By Shalmaneser III. attacked on a campaign against Arzaškun . Unrest followed in 856 BC. Another attack by Shalmaneser III. ( Black Obelisk ). During the campaigns of General Dajan-Aššur against Mannai it became 829 BC. Chr. Looted again.

Also Adad-nīrārī III. undertook campaigns against Ḫubuškia, mostly in connection with operations against the Medes . 715 BC It paid tribute to Sargon , but it may have been part of Nairi by then . In any case, the king later took part in the Rusa campaigns.

language

Own written sources are missing. After Levine and Salvini, the names of the rulers of Ḫubuškia are Hurrian . Zadok wants to recognize an Iranian name, while he interprets others as "local" or as a Kassite title. Diakonov considers the name in question to be a Gutean title.

Notes and individual references

  1. ^ P. Hulin, The Inscriptions on the carved Throne-Base of Shalmaneser III. Iraq 25/1, 1963, 59
  2. ↑ Levine 1977, Salvini 1982
  3. ↑ 1972, 1975d
  4. ^ M. Salvini, Research in Azerbaijan. A contribution to the history of Urartus. In: H. Hirsch, H. Hunger (Ed.), Archive for Orient Research Supplement 19 , Vienna 1982, 386
  5. ^ Ran Zadok, The ethno-linguistic character of Northwestern Iran and Kurdistan in the Neo-Assyrian Period. Iran 40, 2002, 140
  6. ↑ Diakonov Media , Chapter 3 in CHIr 2: The Median and Achaemenian periods , 36-148. 61

literature

  • Bradley J. Parker: At the edge of empire: conceptualizing Assyria's Anatolian frontier, ca.700 BC. In: Journal of Anthropological Archeology 21, 2002, 371-395.
  • Dietz-Otto Edzard : History of Mesopotamia . Munich 2004, ISBN 3-406-51664-5 .
  • W. Kleiss, On the expansion of Hubuškia to the east. In: K. Emre, Mechthild Mellink, Barthel Hrouda N. Özgüc (Eds.), Anatolia and the Ancient Near East: Studies in Honor of Tahsin Ozgüc (Ankara 1989), 257-62.
  • GB Lanfranchi, Assyrian geography and Neo-Assyrian letters: the location of Hubuškia again. In: M. Liverani (ed.), Neo-Assyrian Geography (Quaderni di geografia storica 5), ​​Rome: Università di Roma 'La Sapienza', 1995, 127-137.
  • Louis D. Levine: Sargon's Eighth Campaign . In: LD Levine / T. Cuyler Young Jr. (Ed.), Mountains and Lowands, Malibu 1977, 135-151.
  • Louis D. Levine, Hubuškia. RLA 4, 1972-1975, 479.
  • IN Medvedskaya, The localization of Hubuškia. In S. Parpola / RM Whiting (eds.), Assyria 1995. Proceedings of the 10th Anniversary Symposium of the Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project. Helsinki, September 7-11, 1995, Helsinki, 197-206.
  • Mirjo Salvini: Research in Azerbaijan: a contribution to the history of Urartus . Archive for Orient Research, Supplement 19, 1982, 384–394.
  • Julian Reade 1994. Campaigning around Musasir. In: Cilingiroglu, Altan / French, DH (Ed.), Anatolian Iron Ages 3. Ankara, 185-188.