Pejorative suffix

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The pejorative suffix is a suffix ( suffix ) having a negative (by the attachment to the stem a word pejorative confers) Meaning ( Pejoration ). In some languages ​​it overlaps with the diminutive .

Examples

German

The German has no exclusively pejorative suffixes. Much more often, pejoration takes place in German through composition . The following endings can sometimes have pejorative meanings:

  • -aster (from Latin), e.g. B. criticasters or Päderaster
  • -o , z. B. Normalo, Brutalo (only colloquial)
  • -ei , for deverbal abstracts z. B. Running, talking
  • -ling has a pejorative character in a few characterizations of people and the derivation of an originally positive term (cf. Schönling, favorite ), but not in Liebling . Most of the derivatives ending in -ling are neutral, e.g. B. Coming, courtier , confirmation , apprentice , infant or blue , kipper , chanterelle , butterfly . With words like coward or convict , the negative meaning results from the underlying word (the person is cowardly or is being punished), a pejorative effect of -ling cannot be determined here either.

Basque

  • -txo z. B. jauntxo (from jaun "man")

English

  • -tard , colloquially in words like paultard , libtard or conspiratard . "Retard" is usually given as the root.
  • -aster , e.g. B. poetaster, philosophaster (from Latin)

Esperanto

  • -aĉ- , e.g. B. veteraĉo "bad weather" (from vetero "weather")

French

  • -ald / -ard / -aud , e.g. B. salaud "bastard" (from sale "dirty")
  • -asse z. B. paperasse "paperwork"
  • -âtre z. B. with colors rougeâtre an unsightly, perhaps washed out red

Hawaiian

  • -ā (-wā), e.g. B. lonoā "gossip" (from lono "news")
  • -ea , e.g. B. poluea "seasickness" (from polu "wet")

Italian

  • -accio / -accia , e.g. B. boccaccia "Schandmaul" (to bocca "mouth")
  • -astro / -astra , e.g. B. giovinastro " good-for-nothing " (to giovine "boy")

Japanese

  • -me ( め / 奴 for "subordinate; servant")

Latin

  • -aster , indicating fraudulent intent, e.g. B. patraster "someone who only plays the father" (from pater "father")

Russian

  • -ischka (ишка)
  • -aschka (ашка)

Spanish

In Spanish there are more extensive inventories of pejorative suffixes (despectivos) .

  • -aco (a) , e.g. B. pajarraco "big ugly bird" (from pajaro "bird")
  • -ejo (a) , e.g. B. lugarejo "Kuhdorf" (from lugar "place")
  • -ote (a) , e.g. B. discursote "long ramblings" (from discurso "speech")

See also

Web links

Wiktionary: Suffix  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Valentina Crestani: Word formation and business languages: comparison of German and Italian texts. P. 233, Peter Lang, Bern 2010, ISBN 978-3-0343-0512-9 .
  2. ↑ Libtard in urbandictionary.com
  3. ↑ Cartagena, Gauger. Vol. 2, p. 320, ( Online ( Memento of the original dated September 6, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. , culturitalia.uibk.ac.at) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / culturitalia.uibk.ac.at
  4. ↑ Disparaging / pejorative suffixes - Despektiva - despectivos ( Memento of the original from September 6, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , culturitalia.uibk.ac.at @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / culturitalia.uibk.ac.at