AVHRR

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Global sea surface temperature derived from AVHRR observations

AVHRR stands for " A dvanced V ery H igh R eSolution R adiometer" and is a multispectral, satellite-based remote sensing sensor on polar-orbiting satellites of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) and the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites ( EUMETSAT ).

history

The first AVHRR sensor was launched in October 1978 with the TIROS-N satellite (NOAA satellite series) and had 4 channels. AVHRR / 2 followed in June 1981 on the NOAA-7 platform and already had 5 channels. The third version AVHRR / 3 (now with 6 channels) started in May 1998 with NOAA-15 . Further AVHRR / 3 instruments were brought into orbit in October 2006 and September 2012 with the EUMETSAT satellites Metop-A and Metop-B . The instrument is also planned for subsequent satellites, so that longer-term availability is ensured.

Technical data (AVHRR / 3)

  • Dimensions: 29.2 cm × 36.6 cm × 79.8 cm
  • Weight: 32.7 kg
  • Power consumption: 28.5 watts

Channels (AVHRR / 3)

AVHRR / 3 can perform measurements from the visible spectral range up to the thermal infrared range ( far infrared ). The resolution for all channels is 1.1 km.

  • Channel 1: 0.58 - 0.68 μm (visible red)
  • Channel 2: 0.725 - 1.00 μm ( near infrared )
  • Channel 3A: 1.58 - 1.64 μm ( mid infrared ) *
  • Channel 3B: 3.55 - 3.93 μm (mid infrared) *
  • Channel 4: 10.30 - 11.30 μm ( far infrared )
  • Channel 5: 11.50 - 12.50 μm (far infrared)

* Channel 3A and 3B cannot work simultaneously

application areas

AVHRR observations may come. a. to derive cloud and vegetation properties, snow cover and land and sea surface temperatures. Due to the long-term availability of the sensors, long-term data sets of these parameters can be derived. Image data from the sensors are transmitted to earth using the APT method.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ NOAA KLM User's Guide ( Memento from February 14, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) NOAA KLM User's Guide: Instrument Payload (General Descriptions)
  2. ↑ http://www.eumetsat.int/website/home/Satellites/CurrentSatellites/Metop/MetopDesign/AVHRR/index.html?lang=EN
  3. ↑ Karlsson, K.-G., Riihelä, A., Müller, R., Meirink, JF, Sedlar, J., Stengel, M., Lockhoff, M., Trentmann, J., Kaspar, F., Hollmann, R., and Wolters, E .: CLARA-A1: a cloud, albedo, and radiation dataset from 28 yr of global AVHRR data , Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 5351-5367, 2013, doi : 10.5194 / acp-13-5351-2013
  4. ↑ Masahiro Hori, Konosuke Sugiura, Kazufumi Kobayashi, Teruo Aoki, Tomonori Tanikawa, Katsuyuki Kuchiki, Masashi Niwano, Hiroyuki Enomoto: A 38-year (1978-2015) Northern Hemisphere daily snow cover extent product derived using consistent objective criteria from satellite-borne optical sensors , Remote Sensing of Environment, 191, 402–418, 2017, doi : 10.1016 / j.rse.2017.01.023