Abbreviatur (music)
An Abbreviatur (Latin / Italian abbreviatura "abbreviation", "abbreviated notation") is a symbolic or textual abbreviation and is used to identify repetitions in musical notation . - Slanted bars as abbreviations for bars, note groups or individual notes are colloquially called idlers .
species
Bars across the neck of the note or spectacle basses show the musician, for example, how often the notes should be repeated. This saves the writer an identical repetition of the note heads and stems for each touch. Some abbreviations, such as the one-time writing of the noteheads with repeated stems, are always limited to handwriting and never appear in print. Abbreviations like this have also stimulated the typeface of printed music in new music of the 20th century.
Textual abbreviations, however, are z. For example, the instructions ab initio (“repeat from the beginning”) Da capo al fine (“from the beginning to fine ”) or Dal Segno al coda (“from the character to the coda”), which save the need to reprint the musical text. The reference to flauto col violino (“flute [plays together] with violin”) in the score saves having to write out a flute part that is identical to the violin part. Abbreviations of song texts (like iterum for a repeated refrain ) are also called abbreviations. Furthermore, abbreviations of musical performance instructions are referred to as word abbreviations, for example acc. instead of accelerando .
use
Abbreviations continue to play a major role in saving time in music manuscripts. Abbreviations could be a relief for the engraver when it came to the very time-consuming sheet music engraving and contributed to making the material cheaper. The ability to copy and paste in modern music notation programs , on the other hand, means that abbreviations hardly save any time. Abbreviations are (almost) only used today in music notation if they make it easier to play, e.g. if the piece with abbreviations can be found on one page or double page and scrolling would be impractical, or if the abbreviated notation seems clearer than the so-called " Write out “all repetitions.
Abbreviations in printed music are still used today for drums in jazz and pop music . There, the abbreviation also indicates that no exact repetition is required, but rather small variations.
See also
literature
- Elaine Gould: Head over heels. The notation manual. Translated from the English by Arne Muus and Jens Berger. Faber / Peters, London / Leipzig 2014, ISBN 978-1-84367-048-3 , pp. 235–262.
- Abbreviatur . In: Wilibald Gurlitt , Hans Heinrich Eggebrecht (Ed.): Riemann Musiklexikon . 12th, completely revised edition. Tangible part: A-Z . Schott, Mainz 1967, p. 1-3 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wieland Ziegenrücker: ABC Music. General music theory. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Breitkopf & Härtel, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-7651-0309-4 , p. 297.