Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy

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The mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (Engl. Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy , MBCT) was from psychotherapy researchers and cognitive behavioral therapist Zindel V. Segal , J. Mark G. Williams and John D. Teasdale for relapse prevention in depression developed. It combines elements of mindfulness-based stress reduction (Engl. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction , MBSR) by Jon Kabat-Zinn with interventions of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression. Some authors count this therapeutic approach (in addition to dialectical behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy ) to the “third wave of behavior therapy”.

execution

MBCT is usually carried out as a group therapy with a maximum of twelve participants and comprises (like MBSR) eight sessions that are carried out at weekly intervals. Various mindfulness-related exercises (based on MBSR) are introduced (e.g. body scan, breathing meditation , mindfulness meditation , walking meditation, yoga exercises). In parallel, classic cognitive-behavioral interventions are carried out (e.g. psychoeducation for depression, observation of and handling of automatic thoughts, development of pleasant activities).

effectiveness

Two randomized controlled studies from 2000 and 2004 provided initial indications of the effectiveness of the therapeutic approach: In patients who had already experienced three or more depressive episodes, MBCT (compared to standard treatment) significantly reduced the risk of relapse. Current meta-analyzes confirmed this result.

development

The three founders of this form of therapy are said to have met in 1989 at the World Congress for Cognitive Therapy. All three were engaged in the treatment of depression at the time. Mark G. Williams studied chronic and recurrent depression, Zindel V. Segal looked at the relationship between stressful life events and recurrence of depression, and John D. Teasdale looked at the relationship between thoughts and feelings. After Segal was invited by a foundation in 1991 to develop a therapy for the prevention of relapse in depressants, the two other colleagues from Oxford are said to have won over for the joint project. That same year, when Marsha Linehan , who was spending part of her sabbatical in Cambridge , mentioned Jon Kabat-Zinn, they were encouraged to use mindfulness practice. In 1993, the three researchers in Massachusetts attended an MBSR introductory session with Jon Kabat-Zinn. The first version of their group program, which they called "attention control training," some got along well, but others would have had difficulty simply watching their emotional onset. It was not until 1995, when they attended several course sessions again in the middle of the MBSR course, that it was not so much a question of offering solutions to the problems reported by the course participants, but rather of encouraging them to simply allow thoughts and feelings, that is, them welcoming instead of trying to fix them. This insight would ultimately have motivated her to call it “mindfulness-based cognitive therapy”. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is based on a model for information processing by Teasdale and Barnard (1991, 1993) known as Interacting Cognitive Subsystems (ICS).

literature

  • Thorsten Barnhofer, Heike Born: Mindfulness- Based Cognitive Therapy in Affective Disorders: A Promising Procedure . Deutsches Ärzteblatt , PP 10, February 2011, pp. 81–83 ( PDF , accessed on January 13, 2012)
  • Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams, John D. Teasdale: The Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy of Depression. A new approach to relapse prevention. Tübingen: DGVT- Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-87159-077-1 .
  • Crane, Rebecca (2011). Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy: Theoretical and practical principles of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) . Arbor Publishing House
  • Meibert, Petra (2016). Mindfulness-based therapy and stress reduction MBCT / MBSR (Paths of Psychotherapy) . Ernst Reinhardt Publishing House
  • Meibert, Petra (2014). The way out of the brooding carousel, mindfulness training for depression, fears and negative self-talk . The MBCT book. Kösel publishing house
  • Michalak, J., Heidenreich, T. & Williams, JMG (2012): Mindfulness . Hogrefe Publishing House
  • Teasdale, John D .; Williams, Mark; Segal, Zindel V. (2015). The MBCT workbook. An 8-week program for self-relief from depression and emotional stress . Arbor Publishing House
  • Williams, Mark; Teasdale, John D .; Segal, Zindel V .; Kabat-Zinn, Jon (2009). The mindful way through depression . Arbor Publishing House
  • Williams, Mark, Penman, Danny (2015). The mindfulness training. 20 minutes a day that will change your life . Goldmann publishing house

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams, John D. Teasdale: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A New Approach to Preventing Relapse . The Guilford Press, 1st ed. 2001, ISBN 1-57230-706-4 .
  2. ↑ Thomas Heidenreich, Johannes Michalak, Georg Eifert: Balance of change and mindful acceptance: The third wave of behavior therapy. Psychother Psych Med 2007, Vol. 57, pp. 475-486.
  3. ↑ T. Heidenreich, J. Michalak: Mindfulness as a therapy principle in behavior therapy and behavioral medicine . In: behavior therapy . 13, 2003, pp. 264-274. doi : 10.1159 / 000075842 . Retrieved November 6, 2011.
  4. ↑ cf. Segal et al., 2008
  5. ↑ John D. Teasdale, Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams, Valerie A. Ridgeway, Judith M. Soulsby, Mark A. Lau: Prevention of relapse / recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy . In: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology . 68, No. 4, 2000, pp. 615-623. doi : 10.1037 / 0022-006X.68.4.615 .
  6. ^ S. Helen Ma, John D. Teasdale: Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: Replication and Exploration of Differential Relapse Prevention Effects . In: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology . 72, No. 1, 2004, pp. 31-40. doi : 10.1037 / 0022-006X.72.1.31 .
  7. ↑ Helen F. Coelho, Peter H. Canter, Edzard Ernst : Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: Evaluating current evidence and informing future research . In: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology . 75, No. 6, 2007, pp. 1000-1005. doi : 10.1037 / 0022-006X.75.6.1000 .
  8. ^ Jacob Piet, Esben Hougaard: The effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for prevention of relapse in recurrent major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis . In: Clinical Psychology Review . 31, August 2011, pp. 1032-1040. doi : 10.1016 / j.cpr.2011.05.002 . Retrieved November 6, 2011.
  9. ↑ Alberto Chiesa, Alessandro Serretti: Mindfulness based cognitive therapy for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis . In: Psychiatry Research . 187, May 2011, pp. 441-453. doi : 10.1016 / j.psychres.2010.08.011 . Retrieved November 6, 2011.
  10. ↑ a b c d Michael E. Harrer, Halko Weiss: Effective factors of mindfulness: - how they change and enrich psychotherapy . Schattauer, 2018, ISBN 978-3-608-26655-9 , pp. 39 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  11. ^ Elsie Jones-Smith: Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: An Integrative Approach . SAGE Publications, 2014, ISBN 978-1-4833-5199-5 , pp. 376 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  12. ↑ Martin Hautzinger, Paul Pauli: Subject area B: Methodology and methods / Psychological intervention methods / Psychotherapeutic methods . Hogrefe Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8409-1513-0 , pp. 411 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  13. ^ David Westbrook, Helen Kennerley, Joan Kirk: An Introduction to Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Skills and Applications . SAGE, 2011, ISBN 978-1-4462-4126-4 , pp. 365 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).