Adaptation model
The adaptation model (also known as adaptation theory ) is a nursing model developed by nursing scientist Callista Roy in the United States of America in 1964 and published in 1970 .
Within this theory, humans are understood as a holistic and adaptive system that can and must adapt to the environment. Adaptation is defined as a function of the stimuli to which the person is exposed. In her theory, Roy differentiates between focal (in the foreground), contextual (arising from the situation) and residual (unknown origin or past) stimuli. These together form the adaptation level, i.e. the ability to react positively to stimuli. Since humans constantly interact with their environment and are exposed to stimuli, this ability is crucial for their personal well-being. In order to make this adaptation to the environment successful, humans have various coping mechanisms at their disposal, including innate and acquired regulative and cognitive mechanisms. Roy distinguishes four different modes of behavior: Physiological mode (physiological regulation mechanisms), self-concept mode (identity), role function mode (adaptation to the expectations of society) and interdependence mode (creating as much independence as necessary for well-being).
In this model, health and disease are understood as inevitable dimensions of human life. Health is a state of adaptation that manifests itself in released energy that can be used to cope with other stimuli. This process promotes wholeness and integration of the individual. Hence, a lack of health (illness) is a lack of integration. According to Roy, the role of care is to promote adaptation in all four modes and systems and thus to contribute to health.
literature
- Sister Callista Roy, Heather A. Andrews: The Roy Adaptation Model Pearson, 2008 ISBN 978-0-13-038497-3 (English)
- Nursing Theory: Roy's Adaptation Model of Nursing.Retrieved June 20, 2020