Adolf Eichler

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Adolf Eichler
Date of birth 10/08/1869
place of birth Oryol , Russia
date of death 02/05/1911
Place of death Baku , Azerbaijan
Affiliation Soviet UnionSoviet Union Soviet Union Germany
GermanyGermany 
job architect

Adolf Wilhelm Eichler ( Azerbaijani Adolf Vilhelmoviç Eyxler , Russian Адольф Васильевич Эйхлер ; born November 8, 1869 in Orjol ; † February 5, 1911 in Baku ) was a German-Russian architect and the district architect of the Baku City Council in the 1892-1911 years.

biography

Childhood and youth

Adolf Eichler was born on November 8, 1869 in Orjol to a German family. His father was Wilhelm Eduard Eichler - a chemist and pharmacist and his mother Elena-Elizabeth Eichler (born: Govorko), also born in Orjol - both of German descent. He had an older sister, Wilhelmina-Elizabeth, born in Baku in 1866, and a younger sister, Victoria-Leontin, born in Surakhani in 1870. Adolf lost his brother - Robert-Karl - in 1881 as a newborn at the first age in Baku.

In 1888 the father of Adolf Wilhelm Eichler was elected to the Union of Petroleum Industrialists for Quality Control of Kerosene in Baku. From 1878 he improved the Mikhailovsky Garden (today: Vahid Garden ) in the city at his own expense , continued to discover various plant species in the Caucasus and described two of these (Tulipa Eichleri ​​and Bulbucodium Eichleri) in a German botanical journal. Wilhelm Eduard Eichler died in 1891 at the age of 66. Then the uncle Karl-Eduard, who owned a pharmacy near the fountain square (Paraped) in Baku, took over the education of Adolf. He soon continued his education with the help of his uncle in Saint Petersburg .

Adult life

The Church of the Savior in Baku , built in 1899

At the beginning of 1892, a one-story school building was built on Surakhanskaya Street (today Dilara Aliyeva Street ) based on a design by Adolf Eichler . In 1895 the first church council of the Lutheran Society, to which Karl Eichler was elected in 1877, was given a piece of land on Telefonstrasse (today May 28 ) for the construction of a church and a primary school. Donations could only be collected for three years and only in Baku Province. The charity set up for this was run by the Nobel family. In 1896 construction began on the church building, which was completed and consecrated in 1899. According to the settlers, the Lutheran church should be built similar to the one that already existed in Helenendorf; But Adolf Eichler drew on the traditions of the German Gothic in his designs and confirmed the construction of the church.

After this project, residential buildings and schools were built in Baku as part of the designs and coordination of Adolf Eichler. The Ashumov Mosque (today Imam Hussein Mosque ) in Baku also belongs to Eichler's buildings .

In 1904 Eichler was named the second highest architect in downtown Baku. In 1908 he was promoted to first chairman of the city council of architects with a monthly salary of 150 rubles. He participated in charity events and donated 3 to 10 rubles every month for the poor or for the creation of public canteens. In 1904 Eichler designed a free kindergarten on the corner of Kanitapinsky (today Adil Buniyatov ) for the municipal kindergarten society , in which he was made an honorary member.

On July 24, 1907, he was engaged to the 24-year-old Lydia-Eleanor Theodorovna Nagel in the church designed by Eichler in Baku . In December 1908 their first daughter Irena and in August 1910 Cornelia's second daughter were baptized in the same church.

death

On February 5, 1911 at 5 a.m., Adolf Eichler shot himself in his own apartment. According to tradition, Adolf fell ill with smallpox during the renovation of the infection department of the city hospital, from which he suffered greatly. On the day of the suicide, his wife and their two children with diphtheria were with their father in the same courtyard of the house on the corner of Shemakhinskaya (today: Jafar Jabbarly Street) / Second Parallel (today: Bala Baba Mejidova). In the morning of the day Eichler woke up early, got dressed and looked for something in the dresser. He said to the unsuspecting maid that he was looking for some of his papers. After wrapping himself in a blanket, he lay down and shot himself in the head.

According to another statement, gunshots rang out from his home the day he died. The next day every newspaper in the city wrote about the death of the famous architect. At the time of his death, his wife and two children were not in the house, but with their in-laws.

Eichler's superior, a member of the city council, the engineer Mamed-Hasan Hajinsky, who described him as a very "exemplary and executive worker", denied the connection between his suicide and his professional activities. A close friend of his, Haci Gasimov, also described Eichler as a “very competent and extremely honest man” whose suicide he could not explain.

Adolf Eichler was buried in what was then the new Lutheran cemetery in Baku. In 1935 this cemetery was closed and lifted. In its place, a cultural and recreational park named after Sergei Mironowitsch Kirov was created and his statue was erected. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the park was closed and the statue of Kirov and all entertainment were removed. Today there is again a cemetery on the site of the park and on the area of ​​the former Lutheran site - the so-called Avenue of the Martyrs (aserb. Şəhidlər Xiyabanı ).

Works

Adolf Eichler, trained in St. Petersburg, began his career as an architect in Baku, Azerbaijan in the 1890s (field architect from 1892 to 1911). Eichler was also responsible for the planning and execution of today's Baku Boulevard .

building Photo of the building Year (planning) Year (completion) address Notes
Two-story residential building 1893 1895 Baku, İçəri Şəhər
Two-story residential building 1893 1896 Baku, between the seashore (today Bülbüls Prospect ) and Karantin (Həsi Aslanov)
One-storey stone "apartments" 1894 1895 Baku, Telephone Street (today May 28 - Republic Day )
Single storey residential building 1894 1895 Baku, on the streets Merkurevskoi (today: Z.Əliyeva ) and Birjevoi (today Ü. Hacıbəyov )
Two-story residential building 1894 1896 Baku, Surakhanskaya Street (now D. Əliyeva )
Imam Hussein Mosque and its stone fence 1895 1896 Baku, Poststrasse (today Süleyman Tağızadə )
Two-story residential building 1895 1896 Baku, on Nagornoi and Posenovskoi streets (now the Cəfərov brothers )
Two-story residential building 1895 1896 Baku, Lower Prjutskaya Street (today Suleyman Rəhimov )
Two-story residential building 1895 1896 Baku, İçəri Şəhər
Stone benches 1895 1896 Baku, Prachennaya Street (now the Mərdanov Brothers )
Single storey residential building 1895 1896 Baku, Spaskaya Street (now Zərgərpalan )
Single storey residential building 1895 1896 Baku, Gymnasiumstrasse (now Tolstoy )
Two-story residential building 1896 1897 Baku, Kubinskaya Street
Two-story residential building 1896 1897 Baku
Two-story residential building 1896 1898 Baku, on the streets of Gubernaja (today Nizami ), Koljubakin (today N. Rəfibəyl ) and Spasskaja (today Zərgərpalan )
Church of the Savior
Baku church.jpg
1896 1899 Baku, Telephone Street (today May 28 - Republic Day )

Individual evidence

  1. a b Фатуллаев, Шамиль Градостроительство Баку XIX — начала XX веков: Приложение I, Ленинград, 1978, p. 215.
  2. Т. Гумбатова А. Эйхлер-архитектор Кирхи в Баку (Тамара Гумбатова 2) / Проза.ру. Retrieved April 20, 2020 .
  3. Эйхлер Адольф Васильевич - архитектор | Баку | Энциклопедия | «Неизвестные» бакинцы. Retrieved April 21, 2020 (Russian).
  4. Architecture of Baku. In: HiSoUR art culture exhibition. May 20, 2018, accessed on April 21, 2020 (German).
  5. ^ Excerpt: German architects in Baku - "Eichler, Adolf". Retrieved April 21, 2020 .