Agnosia
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| R48.1 | Agnosia |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
Agnosia (from ancient Greek α- a- : “un-, not” and γνώσις gnosis : “knowledge”) is a term that is used in medicine and philosophy with different meanings. In philosophy it means "ignorance". This article is about agnosia as a medical issue of gnostic loss .
The agnosia is a relatively rare neuropsychological symptom which, after bilateral or unilateral (sub) cortical lesions occurs. It is defined as a disorder of cognition without elementary sensory deficits, cognitive deficits, attention disorders, aphasic naming disorders or ignorance of the stimulus to be recognized . Agnosia is mostly modality-specific, whereby those affected may be able to compensate for the impaired perception channel (modality) with an unimpaired one.
Origin of the term agnosia
The term agnosia comes from Sigmund Freud (1891) and originally referred only to the visual system. Freud used it to summarize all the inability in which patients were unable to name things despite at least some of their vision. According to Freud, this includes both cortical blindness , soul blindness and optical aphasia. Nowadays the term is extended to all modalities and the modality concerned is usually specified more precisely.
Types of agnosia
- visual agnosia (general physiology of perception and its disturbances using the example of vision , soul blindness ), special forms e.g. B .:
- Prosopagnosia ("face blindness") (also for animal faces: zooprosopagnosia)
- Alexia (problems reading and writing)
- Movement agnosia (akinetopsia; inability to detect movements and speeds)
- Associative agnosia (Associative agnosia describes a selective disruption of the semantic phase, i.e. those affected can describe individual forms and functions of an object, but fail because of the naming of the object.)
- Apperceptive agnosia (Apperceptive agnosia is a very severe form of agnosia in which visual perception is already disturbed. Those affected find it difficult to combine individual features into an overall picture.)
- Formagnosia (sufferers cannot see continuous lines and shapes.)
- associative agnosia (those affected recognize the characteristics of an object, but the connection to semantic memory is missing.)
- auditory agnosia, see Deafness of the soul
- Astereognosia (tactile agnosia)
- Asomatognosia (somatosensory agnosia)
- Odor agnosia (olfactory agnosia)
- Topographagnosia (inability to orientate oneself in space)
See also
- Anosognosia ("disease blindness")
Individual evidence
- ^ Georgi Schischkoff: Philosophical Dictionary . 20th edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1978. ISBN 3-520-01320-7
- ^ Hans-Otto Karnath , Peter Thier: Cognitive Neurosciences . 3. Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-25526-7 , pp. 163 .
