Amusia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Classification according to ICD-10
R48.8 Other and unspecified tool malfunctions
F80.8 developmental amusia
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

Amusia (Syn. Amusia, dysmusia or dysmusia ; from Greek  ἄμουσος amousos 'unmusical') is the inability to recognize sequences of notes and / or rhythms and to reproduce them vocal or instrumental despite intact sensory organs .

Definitions

More precisely, receptive amusia denotes a deficit in the perception of music and expressive amusia denotes a disruption of musical production. Amusia is thus a form of (auditory) agnosia . The lack of musicality is “the inability to act appropriately in the field of music” or “to achieve a performance worth mentioning.” Those affected lack an understanding of melody , harmony and intonation .

Similarly, in neurology , a distinction is made between sensory amusia and motor amusia. The sensory lack of music is also called deafness ; those affected are unable to perceive melodies ( melody deafness ). With motor (or constructive) lack of music one can neither sing songs nor whistle notes , nor play music nor dance dances . So musical instruments cannot be used appropriately. Third, the musical alexia must be delimited; this is what is known as note blindness . The Lexicon of Medicine defines amusia as a loss of musicality as a receptive performance with the three forms of disruption of musical understanding, tone deafness and melody deafness.

The Duden , on the other hand, defines amusia as the lack or loss of (originally present) musicality as a symptom of a disease of the cerebral cortex and generally as the "inability to understand musical (= artistic) things, and in the narrower sense as the inability to understand musical things as well as in medicine as a pathological disorder of the singing ability or the sound perception. "

The adjective amusic means "without an understanding of art" and "without a sense of art" according to the Duden dictionary, as well as "without a sense of art " according to the German dictionary . The Sprach- Brockhaus considered (with reference to the ancient Greek origin "musenlos") amusic people even "incapable of spiritual enjoyment"; they are “without an understanding of art”. Affected are "not art-understanding", so "without a sense for the artistically beautiful".

causes

Amusia is in most cases caused by brain lesions after a stroke , but it can also be congenital. In the latter cases it is genetically determined and is a partial performance weakness , i.e. H. in particular, pitch perception is restricted and not rhythm perception . About four percent of people suffer from a congenital form of amusia. After a stroke, around 70 percent of those affected suffer from a deficit in the musical field, but this fact is not taken into account either diagnostically or therapeutically, as the problem is usually secondary to other, more severe ailments and does not immediately attract attention to those affected.

diagnosis

Diagnosis can be made using the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia .

criticism

Daniel Cerny describes two experimental arrangements to refute an alleged lack of music. Henry Jacoby studied with newspaper advertisements targeted to people who believed to be tone deaf. With a musical instrument he played them musical passages with chords foreign to harmony . The subjects recognized this and were thus convicted. Stefan Köllsch allegedly played some senseless chord progressions at the piano at the University of Leipzig . With electroencephalography , he was able to detect changes in brain activity during the deliberate cheat as evidence of their musicality. This “so-called unmusicality can be transformed into musicality”.

therapy

Successful treatments are not available. Further research results remain to be seen.

See also

literature

  • Isabelle Peretz, Annie Sophie Champod, Krista Hyde: Varieties of Musical Disorders: The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia. In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . Vol. 999 (2003), pp. 58-75 (PDF; 10.6 MB) .
  • TF Münte: Brain out of tune. In: Nature . (2002); 415, pp. 589-590.
  • L. Stewart: Congenital amusia. In: Current Biology . (2006); 16 (21), pp. R904-R906.
  • Isabelle Peretz, E. Brattico, M. Tervaniemi: Abnormal Electrical Brain Responses to Pitch in Congenital Amusia. In: Annals of Neurology . (2005); 58 (3), pp. 478-482.
  • Hans-Otto Karnath , Peter Thier: Cognitive Neuroscience . 3. Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-642-25526-7 , pp. 536 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Daniel Cerny: Nobody is unmusical , Aura Verlag, Brügg 2005, ISBN 3-9523-103-0-1 , pp. 2 and 57.
  2. ^ Günter Thiele (ed.): Handlexikon der Medizin , Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich / Vienna / Baltimore 1980; Volume I (A-E), pp. 79 f.
  3. ↑ Frieder Láhoda (Ed.): Dictionary of clinical neurology , 3rd edition, Einhorn Presse-Verlag, Reinbek 1990, ISBN 3-88756-209-7 , p. 21 f.
  4. ^ Maxim Zetkin , Herbert Schaldach : Dictionary of Medicine (abbreviation: WdM), 16th edition "Lexikon der Medizin", Ullstein Medical, Wiesbaden 1999, ISBN 3-86126-126-X ; 16th edition "Lexikon der Medizin", special edition, Elsevier Munich, Fackelträger Verlag, ISBN 3-7716-4326-0 , Cologne without year (2005), p. 76.
  5. ↑ Duden : The Dictionary of Medical Terms , 4th Edition, Bibliographisches Institut , Mannheim / Vienna / Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-13-437804-3 , p. 94.
  6. ↑ Duden : Der große Duden , Foreign Dictionary, Volume 5, 2nd Edition, Bibliographisches Institut , Mannheim / Vienna / Zurich 1971, ISBN 3-411-00905-5 , p. 46.
  7. ↑ Duden : The German Spelling , Dudenverlag , Volume 1, 25th Edition, Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2009, ISBN 978-3-411-04015-5 , p. 197.
  8. ↑ Duden : Der kleine Duden , foreign dictionary, 3rd edition, Dudenverlag , Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 1991, ISBN 978-3-411-04673-7 , 30.
  9. ^ Gerhard Wahrig : German Dictionary , Bertelsmann Lexikon-Verlag, Gütersloh / Berlin / Munich / Vienna 1972, ISBN 3-570-06588-X , p. 360.
  10. ↑ Der Sprach- Brockhaus , Verlag FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1935, Eberhard Brockhaus, Wiesbaden 1948, p. 18.
  11. ^ DBG foreign words lexicon , German Book Association, Berlin / Darmstadt / Vienna, Ullstein Verlag, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1963, p. 229.
  12. ^ Hans Witte: Schülerbildungswerk , German dictionary, 3rd edition, Verlag Hans Witte, Freiburg 1965, p. 38.
  13. ^ Lutz Mackensen: The modern foreign words lexicon , 3rd edition, VMA-Verlag, Wiesbaden 1988, p. 37.
  14. ↑ DBG-Handlexikon , German Book Association, Berlin / Darmstadt / Vienna, Ullstein publishing house, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1964, p. 41.
  15. ↑ Isabelle Peretz, Stephanie Cummings, Marie-Pierre Dube: The Genetics of Congenital Amusia (Tone Deafness): A Family-Aggregation Study . In: The American Journal of Human Genetic . tape 81 , 2007, doi : 10.1086 / 521337 .
  16. ↑ Julie Ayotte, Isabelle Peretz, Krista Hyde: Congenital amusia: A group study of adults afflicted with a music-specific disorder . In: Brain . tape 125 , no. 2 , February 1, 2002, ISSN  0006-8950 , p. 238-251 , doi : 10.1093 / brain / awf028 ( oup.com [accessed April 12, 2017]).
  17. ^ Isabelle Peretz, Annie Sophie Champod, Krista Hyde: Varieties of musical disorders. The Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia . In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences . tape 999 , November 1, 2003, ISSN  0077-8923 , p. 58-75 , PMID 14681118 .
  18. ^ Heinrich Jacoby : Beyond 'Musical' and 'Unmusical' , Lectures 1921–1929, 2nd edition, Christians Verlag, Hamburg 1995, ISBN 978-3-7672-0871-1 .
  19. ^ Daniel Cerny: Nobody is unmusical , Aura Verlag, Brügg 2005, ISBN 3-9523-103-0-1 , pp. 207 f.
  20. ^ Daniel Cerny: Nobody is unmusical , Aura Verlag, Brügg 2005, ISBN 3-9523-103-0-1 , p. 202.