Akeldruft

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An Akeldruft, also called Ackeldruft , Aak , Aack , Aackeldruft , Aackeltruff or Adit , is an above-ground drainage ditch ( channel ) in mining with which the pit structures are drained. Some mines have the name Ack or Aak in their name, this name is derived from the word Akeldruft. The word Akeldruft is a Low German form of the term aqueduct , derived from the Latin aquae ductus . The mining of coal using Akeldruft is an improved form of coal digging .

Manufacture and use

The Akeldruft is applied in the area of ​​the valley floor . In this case, first of all, similar to the coal digging, digging down to the seam is carried out at the starting point and the coal is then mined using the techniques customary for coal digging. From there, dig a trench up the mountain slope. First of all, the soil is removed down to the seam and piled up next to the trench edges. When the trench has been driven a few meters, it is covered with brushwood. Then it is covered with boards and used to drain water. As a result, the resulting water now has a natural runoff, and the seam can be further extracted in the strike length . Seams that exist in the vicinity of the day can also be removed by means of an Akeldruft . The thickness of the top layer may only be small.

The Akeldruft operation is an improved form of coal digging, however, as in the case of pingen mining, mining is not carried out at one point, but rather one follows the course of the seam on a slope. In the case of seams running parallel to the slope, an additional drainage ditch had to be built down the slope in order to drain the excavation trench. In contrast to underground water solution tunnels , Akeldruften could only drain simple, not too deep pits. Akeldruften were therefore mainly used in the Ruhr mining industry in the early days of coal mining up to the end of the 16th century. From the 17th century, the Akeldruftbau went over to the construction of tunnels . The name Akeldruft was retained when the tunnel was built in the 18th century as a name for the waters of the river . The entire tunnel was sometimes referred to as Akeldruft.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Tilo Cramm, Joachim Huske: Miners' language in the Ruhr area. 5th revised and redesigned edition, Regio-Verlag, Werne 2002, ISBN 3-929158-14-0 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Gerhard Gebhardt: Ruhr mining. History, structure and interdependence of its societies and organizations. Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1957.
  3. ↑ Kurt Pfläging : Stein's journey through coal mining on the Ruhr - reports with maps of the Oberbergrat from and to the stone through the eastern county of Mark. , Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar, 1999, ISBN 3-89570-529-2 .
  4. ^ A b c d e Walter Gantenberg, Rolf Köhling, Wilhelm Spieker: Coal and steel determined their lives. 1st edition, Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2000, ISBN 3-88474-281-7 .
  5. ↑ Karl Heinz Bader, Karl Röttger, Manfred Prante: 250 years of coal mining in the Brandenburg region. A contribution to the history of mining, the mining administration and the city of Bochum. Study publisher Dr. N. Brockmeyer, Bochum 1987, ISBN 3-88339-590-0 , pp. 22-23.
  6. ↑ Till Kasielke: Bochum-Sundern, traces of the early coal mining on Baaker mountain. Excursion report. In: Bochumer Botanischer Verein e. V. Yearbook of the Bochum Botanical Association. Volume 8, Bochum 2016, ISSN 2190-3972, pp. 133-139.
  7. ^ Joachim Huske: The coal mining in the Ruhr area from its beginnings to the year 2000. 2nd edition, Regio-Verlag Peter Voß, Werne 2001, ISBN 3-929158-12-4 .

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