Actualism (philosophy)

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Actualism (also: actuality theory ) is an ambiguous expression in philosophy that emphasizes the various doctrines of the act (activity, working, process, evolution, becoming, etc.) by placing aside, relativizing or denying existence or effective power " immutable ideal forms ”(carriers, substances ).

Actualism in philosophy u. a .:

  • The metaphysical actualism
  • The psychological actualism
  • The anthropological actualism
  • The actualism in the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics
  • The actualism in the logic of time.
  • The actualistic idealism

The term “actualism” can have a negative meaning (“-ism”).

Metaphysical actualism

The metaphysical theory of actuality takes the view that reality can ultimately be traced back to acts, activities and not to substances . This can go hand in hand with the perception that there is an eternal coming and going, a constant change. Opposed to it is essentialism , according to which there is something that underlies being that is unchangeable. Actualism is also interpreted as the opposite of the theory of substantiality and as contradicting the principle of agere sequitur esse .

Heraclitus (everything flows) represented an actualism . Plotinus followed him . Also Parmenides advocated a actualism.

Leibniz took the view that “a substance naturally cannot be inactive at all”. Similar to Hegel : "The spirit is absolutely topical." (Encyclopedia § 34).

Psychological actualism

The psychological actuality theory assumes that the psychic acts are not based on any substance.

David Hume took an actualistic approach in psychology when he described the soul as a mere “bundle of ideas”.

Similarly, in 19th year psychology, Külpe , Fechner and Wundt represented a psychological actualism.

Anthropological actualism

A so-called anthropological actualism here was u. a. Represented by Max Scheler insofar as he emphasized “almost only the structure of the nudes in which it takes place” - instead of their nature or essence.

Actualism regarding possible worlds

In modal logic and in the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, actualism - in contrast to possibilism - denotes the view that of the possible worlds only one world - "ours" - is real and actual.

Actualism in the logic of time

In the logic of time , the term actualism (also: presentationalism (philosophy) ) describes the view that only the “present point in time” is actually real.

Current idealism

Giovanni Gentile called his Hegel-oriented idealism actual idealism or actualism .

Web links

literature

  • Rainbow / Meyer, dictionary of philosophical terms (2005), ISBN 3-7873-1738-4 / actuality theory

swell

  1. ^ IM Bocheński, European philosophy of the present , Tübingen, Basel, Francke, 3rd edition (1994), p. 51
  2. ↑ Meixner, Uwe: Possibility and Reality of the Formal Ontology. In: Matthias Lutz-Bachmann (ed.): Metaphysics Today - Problems and Perspectives of Ontology. Alber, Freiburg 2007, p. 94 (104 fn. 4)
  3. ↑ Quoted from Regenbogen / Meyer, Dictionary of Philosophical Terms (2005), ISBN 3-7873-1738-4 / actuality theory
  4. ↑ Halder, Alois: Philosophical Dictionary. - Herder: Freiburg, Br. U. a. 2008: actualism.
  5. ↑ JB Lotz: Akt , in: W. Brugger (ed.): Philosophical dictionary. 16th edition. Freiburg u. a., Herder 1981.
  6. ↑ Runggaldier, Edmund: Formal semantic renewal of metaphysics. In: Matthias Lutz-Bachmann (ed.): Metaphysics Today - Problems and Perspectives of Ontology. Alber, Freiburg 2007, p. 57 (59); Inwagen, Peter van: Some Remarks on the Modal Ontological Argument. In: Matthias Lutz-Bachmann (ed.): Metaphysics Today - Problems and Perspectives of Ontology. Alber, Freiburg 2007, p. 132
  7. ↑ Cf. Runggaldier, Edmund: Formal semantic renewal of metaphysics. In: Matthias Lutz-Bachmann (ed.): Metaphysics Today - Problems and Perspectives of Ontology. Alber, Freiburg 2007, p. 57 (60)