al-Qādī an-Nuʿmān

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Abū Hanīfa an-Nuʿmān ibn Muhammad at-Tamīmī ( Arabic أبو حنيفة النعمان بن محمد التميمي, DMG Abū Ḥanīfa an-Nuʿmān b. Muḥammad at-Tamīmī ), called al-Qādī an-Nuʿmān , was the founder of the Ismaili school of law under the Fatimids . He was the son of a Maliki lawyer from Sousse in Ifrīqiya , who converted to Ismailia of the Fatimids. An-Nuʿmān began a career under Abdallah al-Mahdi (ruled from 910 to 934) when he was employed as a collector and copyist of books. Under Ismail al-Mansur (ruled from 946 to 953) he was first appointed Qadi in Tripoli and, after the suppression of the Abu Yazid uprising, he was appointed Chief Justice in Ifriqiya and head of the Fatimid mission. In this function he was also confirmed by Abu Tamim al-Muizz (ruled from 953 to 975).

An-Numan began an extensive literary activity. So he wrote the first Ismaili legal compendium. This was entitled: "The pillars of Islam, the mention of what is permissible and of legal decisions and judgments" ( Daʿāʾim al-islām wa-ḏikr al-ḥalāl wa-l-qaḍāyā wa-l-aḥkām ). According to this, the Ismailis had the following seven duties: the recognition of the true imam, cultic purity, ritual prayer, the alms tax, the Ramadan fast, the pilgrimage to Mecca and the engagement in jihad .

Through these and other writings, an-Numan founded the Ismaili school of law which, alongside the four Sunni and the Twelve Shiite schools of law, is one of the six most important legal traditions of Islam.

literature

  • Asaf AA Fyzee: “Qadi an-Nu'man the Fatimid Jurist and Author.” in Journal of the Royal Asian Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1 (1934) 1-32.
  • Heinz Halm : The Empire of the Mahdi . CH Beck, Munich 1991. ISBN 3406354971
  • Sumaiya A. Hamdani: Between revolution and state: the path to Fatimid statehood: Qadi Al-Nu'man and the construction of Fatimid legitimacy . IB Tauris, London, 2006.
  • Ismail K Poonawala: "The Chronology of al-Qāḍī l-Nuʿmān's Works" in Arabica 65 (2018) 84-162.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See the edition by A. Fyzee . 2 vols. Cairo 1951–1960. Digitization of the first volume
personal data
SURNAME an-Nuʿmān
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Abu Hanifa an-Numan ibn Muhammad at-Tamimi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Founder of the Ismaili legal school under the Fatimids
DATE OF BIRTH 9th century or 10th century
DATE OF DEATH after 975