Amarsanaa

Amarsanaa (* 1720 , † 21st September 1757 ; different spelling among others Amursana ) was a Dzungars -Fürst from the tribe of Khoit . He wanted to revive the Djungarian khanate and led a major uprising against Qing China from 1755 to 1757 .

history

As the prince of the Khoit (a subgroup of the Djungars ), Amarsanaa was not entirely uninvolved in the breakup of the state. In 1750 there was a putsch by the officers, in which Lama Dardscha (r. 1750–1752) was installed as the new ruler. But Prince Dawatschi (a grandson of the elder Tsereng Dondub) and Amarsanaa, a son-in-law of Galdan Tsereng, did not accept the new ruler, and a tribal war began, which led to the rapid fall of the jungle empire. Dawatschi and Amarsanaa were initially defeated and had to flee to the Kazakhs. In January 1752, Amarsanaa managed to return, and he surprised and killed Lama Dardscha on the Ili River. Then he set Dawatschi (ruled 1752–55) as the new ruler and promptly had to flee from him in 1754. Amarsanaa and 25,000 people submitted to the Chinese, who took the opportunity and sent their army to eliminate the jungle empire, which had been weakened by the rivalries and flows of refugees. In 1755 Dawatschi was defeated, extradited and brought to Beijing.

But the Qing emperor only confirmed Amarsanaa as the prince of the Khoit, and not as the ruler of all the jungles, whereupon Amarsanaa sought allies for a planned uprising. When he was ordered to the imperial court, he was warned by the allied Khalka prince Cingünzav (from the Jasaktu Khan Aimag) of the suspicion of the Mongolian Manchu general Bandi (d. 1755) and fled his escort. The majority of the jungles joined him, the uprising broke out and General Bandi committed suicide. But Amarsanaa was repeatedly defeated by the Manchu and had to flee once to the Kazakhs (March 1756) and a second time to the Russians in Tobolsk (August 1757). There he fell ill with smallpox and died soon after. When the uprising was put down, there were massacres (death tolls in the six-figure range) among the Djungars, and their remains were divided up and z. Some of them were deported to distant areas, or they joined the Khalka . The term djungar (i.e. left wing) was banned.

literature

• Michael Weiers: History of the Mongols . Stuttgart 2004