Andelsbuch door ring
The Andelsbucher Türring (also door puller ) probably dates from the end of the 12th century and is the only known Romanesque work of art in the Bregenzerwald . It is made of cast bronze , has a diameter of 21.5 cm and is 11 cm high. There are three clearly separated parts:
- a base plate with ornament
- an expressive lion head and
- the actual ring.
The original of the door ring is now in the Vorarlberg Museum in Bregenz .
Origin, shape and application
The origin or the manufacturer of the Andelsbuch door ring is not known. The only thing that is certain is that it was not manufactured in the Bregenz Forest, as the relevant technology was not available there at the time.
In its present form, the Andelsbucher Türring shows a common motif used by medieval door pullers: a strong relief of a plastic protruding lion's head with a heavy, moveable ring in its mouth and a round base plate.
As is common with other similar objects in the Middle Ages, the location was the center of the outside of the church door and the material was bronze. The ring probably did not serve as a door knocker , since no impact surface is known or available .
Similar door rings / door pullers can be found e.g. B. in Alpirsbach , Le Puy-en-Velay or in Klosterreichenbach .
Practical, symbolic and legal meaning
Like other door rings / door pullers, the Andelsbuch door ring also combined three functions:
- functional purpose as a door puller,
- symbolic function in Christian mythology (see also: lion as heraldic animal ),
- legal functions.
The legal significance of the Andelsbuch door ring is not clearly proven by the sources. From the Middle Ages to modern times, Andelsbuch was a politically and legally central place in the Bregenzerwald and there was also a lower and higher court there for a time (see also: Bezegg-Sul for the political center ). In various regional references, the door ring is used as a legal function
- Confirmation of the transfer of ownership ( traditio per anulum ) and
- obtaining church asylum law by touching the door ring
called. With regard to a legal function for
- Affirmation of an oath
by touching the door ring, however, this is not always mentioned in regional tradition. Also according to regional tradition, a person persecuted by secular power or another person in the Bregenzerwald had to either enter the church or, if it was locked, grab the door ring in order to obtain church asylum.
See also
literature
- Karl Heinz Burmeister u. a .: “ Andelsbuch ”, “ From the past and present of a Bregenzerwald community ”, Andelsbuch community, Andelsbuch 1980.
- Ursula Schubert, " The door ring of Andelsbuch ", in the yearbook of the Vorarlberger Landesmuseumsverein 1966, 191 ff.
- K. Spahr, “ The pre-Romanesque and Romanesque art ”, in: K. Ilg (ed.) Landes- und Volkskunde, history, economy and art of Vorarlbergs 4 (Innsbruck-Munich 1967) 38 ff.
- Ursula Mende: The door puller of the Middle Ages. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaften, Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-87157-086-9 .
- Vorarlberger Landesmuseum: " 900 years Andelsbuch ", exhibition catalog of the Vorarlberger Landesmuseum No. 90, Vorarlberger Landesmuseum, Bregenz 1980.
Web links
- Information page on the Andelsbuch door ring of the vorarlberg museum .
- Information page on the Andelsbuch door ring of the Alpe Adria University in Klagenfurt .
- Community website
Individual evidence
- ^ Vorarlberger Landesmuseum: " 900 Years Andelsbuch ", p. 30.
- ↑ Information page on the door ring of the Vorarlberg Museum, inventory number VM-13.
- ^ Vorarlberger Landesmuseum: " 900 Years Andelsbuch ", p. 27.
- ↑ Information page on the door ring of the Vorarlberg Museum.
- ↑ Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints .
- ↑ Karl Heinz Burmeister u. a. in “ Andelsbuch ”, “ From the past and present of a Bregenzerwald community ”, p. 72.