Acquisition and production costs
Under Cost (often abbreviated AHK or AK and HK ) is understood in the accounting of the company , the expenses that are necessary to one asset or an asset to acquire or produce , and in a ready state to move.
General
The AHK are determined in accordance with commercial and tax law regulations and the asset is capitalized with this in the balance sheet when it is received . The activation triggers an offsetting entry in the same amount on the income side of the income statement , whereby the expenses are initially completely neutralized. In terms of booking, this means that the access is initially not profitable and only an asset swap with liquid funds takes place. Scheduled and unscheduled depreciation may then take place in later periods .
Commercial evaluation
acquisition cost
Acquisition costs are valued in accordance with Section 255, Paragraph 1 of the German Commercial Code ( HGB ) as the “expenses incurred in acquiring an asset and getting it ready for operation, provided that they can be individually assigned to the asset.” This also includes ancillary costs and subsequent acquisition costs . Purchase price reductions are to be deducted accordingly.
Manufacturing costs
Production costs are defined in accordance with Section 255 Paragraphs 2, 2a and 3 of the German Commercial Code (HGB) as "the expenses incurred through the consumption of goods and the use of services for the production of an asset, its expansion or for a substantial improvement beyond its original condition. This includes the material costs , the production costs and the special direct costs of production as well as appropriate parts of the material overheads , the production overheads and the depreciation of the fixed assets , insofar as this is caused by the production. When calculating the production costs , appropriate parts of the general administration costs as well as reasonable expenses for social facilities of the company, for voluntary social benefits and for the company pension scheme may be included, insofar as these relate to the period of production. Research and distribution costs may not be included. [...] Interest for borrowed capital that is used to finance the production of an asset may be recognized as long as it relates to the period of production; in this case they are considered to be the production costs of the asset. "
While the determination of the AHK for the acquisition costs of assets is largely uncomplicated, taking into account the manufacturing costs requires a whole system of offsetting operating costs against the assets. Since the internal cost accounting data is related to the external accounting data, the data may have to be coordinated and checked for compliance with legal regulations.
Follow-up evaluation
According to Section 253, Paragraph 3 of the German Commercial Code (HGB), “the acquisition or production costs are to be reduced by scheduled depreciation . The plan must spread the acquisition or production costs over the fiscal years in which the asset can be expected to be used. Regardless of whether their use is limited in time, non-scheduled depreciation is to be carried out for fixed assets in the event of a likely permanent decrease in value in order to carry them at the lower value that is to be attached to them on the balance sheet date . In the case of financial assets, unscheduled depreciation can be made even if the impairment is not expected to be permanent.
In external accounting, the AHK (possibly minus an expected residual value, so-called "continued AHK") represent the maximum amount of the depreciation, while in cost accounting sometimes other values, e.g. B. the replacement value.
Tax assessment
The AHK are transferred from the commercial balance sheet to the tax balance sheet in accordance with the principle of relevance in Section 5 (1 ) EStG . However, according to Section 5 (6) EStG, special tax provisions, e.g. B. § 6 EStG and § 6b EStG must be observed.
The acquisition and production costs are also used to calculate the deduction for wear and tear in accordance with Section 7 of the Income Tax Act .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gabler Wirtschaftslexikon ( Online, accessed Dec. 4, 2009 )
