Push
Pushing is called starting the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle by setting the vehicle in motion using muscle power or by a second vehicle. If the vehicle to be started is pulled by the supporting vehicle, the process is called towing . The starting or primary turning of the engine is done by engaging the clutch with the gear engaged and the ignition switched on, whereby the 'momentum' of the vehicle being pushed, i.e. kinetic kinetic energy , is transferred to the engine through the power transmission line.
Breakdown vehicle
Pushing or towing a broken down vehicle is only possible if the starter battery is only partially discharged. If the battery is deeply discharged, it is not possible to start modern vehicles because their three-phase alternators need an exciter current. Their state of charge must still be so good that there is enough voltage for the electrical system required to start the engine, such as the control unit , injection and feed pumps and the ignition , during the push start . Pushing is also helpful if the starter is defective . If the battery is completely discharged or if there are other technical defects, attempting to push the device usually does not lead to the desired success.
It should be noted that functions, the function of which depends on auxiliary units driven by the engine (e.g. hydraulic power steering , pneumatic brake booster ), may only be available to a limited extent during the push start or towing.
Pushing process
Technically, as already mentioned, pushing takes place by engaging a vehicle that has been set in motion while a gear is engaged.
To do this, it is necessary to disengage the clutch and engage a gear before pushing in order to reduce the pushing force as much as possible and to store the power already brought into the pushing process in the accelerated mass of the vehicle.
With regard to the selection of the gear to be engaged, the engine and transmission type must be taken into account:
- a vehicle with a torque converter automatic transmission can be "pushed", but not "pushed"; the gear engaged is irrelevant, since no reverse transmission of the rotary motion is possible. In rare cases, however, pushing is provided and possible.
vehicles with
- a very highly compressed engine (sports or racing engine or a diesel engine)
- heavy weight
- a very strong reduction (require a higher gear)
are most likely to be pushed in third gear. Short-gear vehicles require a higher gear that would otherwise require a higher clutch speed.
Vehicles can only rarely be pushed in first gear because the gear reduction is greatest here, so a very high rotational speed is forced upon the motor when the clutch is engaged and as a result the braking torque is greatest. Here the number of the selected gear works in the opposite direction, as the gearbox is driven by the outgoing shaft.
An important prerequisite for pushing is that a frictional connection can be established between the drive axle and the motor when the motor is not running. For this reason, the pushing method fails with some types of gearboxes and clutches (e.g. automatic gearboxes with hydraulic torque converters in cars or with a continuously variable V-belt automatic with centrifugal clutch on scooters).
Legal situation
The legislature differentiates between:
- Pushing (like towing ) is generally used to move a vehicle that is not in use to another location - as is always necessary when it “breaks down in the middle of traffic” because the fuel has run out or it is otherwise not roadworthy.
- Pushing , pushing with manual force for the purpose of putting the vehicle into operation.
- Towing , the same process with the help of a pre-tensioned motor vehicle.
Any situation in which a vehicle comes to an improper position on public traffic areas for technical reasons is considered a malfunction and requires measures that correspond to the accident site protection, in particular increased attention , setting up a breakdown or warning triangle (especially if the hazard warning lights cannot be put into operation) and the like.
- The vehicle must be pushed away from the flow of traffic immediately after it has been secured in order to ensure the smooth flow of traffic and not to endanger yourself or other road users .
- On the other hand, pushing on public traffic areas is only permitted if it does not result in any danger or hindrance.
- While steering with pure pushing only requires the usual aptitude of the person driving (especially roadworthiness ), pushing requires a valid driver's license and driving license , as it is used for commissioning .
For all actions in this regard, there is strict liability , but also legal protection on the part of the insurer , provided that they are necessary and carried out in accordance with regulations.
See also
Web links
- Peter Kotulla: Towing or towing ...? . In: fahrtipps.de - a brief overview of the views of the legislator in Germany
Individual evidence
- ↑ Appendix 1 to § 4 FahrschAusbO, No. 10 lit b ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
