Apothecium

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Cross-section through an apothecium with sterile fungal hyphae and embedded asci of varying degrees of maturity
Leaf lichen ( Xanthoria parietina ) with apothecia

Apothecium (plural: Apothecien ) is a term from fungal or lichen science ( mycology and lichenology ).

As Apothecia is referred to open, bowl-, disc or cup-shaped fruiting bodies at Ascomycota (ascomycetes) or lichen . In contrast to the closed perithecium , the spore bed is exposed here . The spores arise in tubes ( asci ), which are arranged between sterile fungal hyphae ( paraphyses ) in a fruit layer ( hymenium ).

Apothecia essentially consist of a disc and a rim ( excipulum ). The former is formed by the hymenium embedded in the hypothecium; the top layer is called the epihymenium. In lichens, the edge can contain algae cells. It then has about the same color as the rest of the lichen and is called the bearing edge; Braids of this type are called lecanoroid . If the edge is free of algae cells and thus consists only of fungal hyphae, one speaks of an own edge; Lichen of this type is called a lecideoid .

Traditionally, fungi that form apothecia are called Discomycetes , those that form perithecia are called Pyrenomycetes . This classification has nothing to do with the family relationships. Similarly, the lichens are divided into Discolichenes and Pyrenolichenes , depending on the shape of the fruiting bodies .

literature

  • Georg Masuch: biology of lichens. (= Uni-Taschenbücher 1546 Biology ). Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg et al. 1993, ISBN 3-8252-1546-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ulrich Kirschbaum, Volkmar Wirth: recognize lichen. Determine air quality. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8001-3477-2 , p. 30.
  2. ↑ Roland Moberg, Ingmar Holmåsen: Lichen from Northern and Central Europe. An identification book. Fischer, Stuttgart et al. 1992, ISBN 3-437-20471-8 , p. 13.
  3. ^ Emil Müller, Wolfgang Loeffler: Mycology. Floor plan for scientists and physicians. 3rd, unchanged edition. Thieme, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-13-436803-X , p. 206.
  4. ↑ Roland Moberg, Ingmar Holmåsen: Lichen from Northern and Central Europe. An identification book. Fischer, Stuttgart et al. 1992, ISBN 3-437-20471-8 , p. 13 ff.