Job opportunity

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With a work opportunity (also AGH ), a labor market tool for example in Germany referred to the unemployed is to assist in the integration into the labor market. Job opportunities should be additional occupations and be offered away from the existing labor market and with the help of public money . The work performed on the job should be in the public interest.

variants

Job opportunities are offered in Germany in various forms:

In Switzerland , job opportunities are offered through the temporary employment programs.

In Austria , the non-profit employment projects are to be assessed as work opportunities.

target

target group

Job opportunities are used exclusively for recipients of unemployment benefit II (Hartz IV).

Income earned with job opportunities should either replace social benefits, as is the case with job creation measures, the pay variant or “income instead of support”. On the other hand, the additional expense should be compensated by the work opportunity, this includes the work opportunities with additional expense allowance, the so-called one-euro jobs.

Intended purpose

The desired goal of every job opportunity is to be integrated into the regular labor market via the detour of an initially created job. In addition, relearning of key qualifications or getting used to the world of work and everyday work should be achieved. They are used for people for whom the direct path of integration is not very promising or has already failed in the opinion of the intermediary. The target group are the long-term unemployed. In some variants, the previous failure or lack of prospect of success of a direct job placement is required by law so that a job can be assigned.

Design

Legally

Job opportunities do not always establish an employment relationship. In the case of work opportunities with additional expense allowance in Germany, not all statutory provisions from labor law are applicable to this form.

The situation is different, for example, with the employment opportunities introduced on January 1, 2008 in the pay variant . These employment relationships are subject to social security contributions, the wages are adjusted to the collective wages and are concluded by an employer with a regular employment contract. The AlG II reference is thus to be replaced. Employment opportunities in the remuneration variant establish an employment relationship without compulsory insurance for unemployment insurance. This form of employment does not give rise to any entitlement to unemployment benefit I.

Temporally

Employment opportunities are always limited in their total duration and usually cover a period of several months. A smaller amount of time is usually seen as insufficient to achieve the goal. A higher one contradicts the character of the job opportunity as a transitional solution for integration into the normal labor market. Depending on the type, there are both full-time and part-time job opportunities. An intermediate stage here is the three-year municipal combination wage, which is intended for unemployed people who require special support. In the appendix there is a change in funding, in which the grant is not limited to the unemployed, but the objective is to promote non-profit employers. In the case of private employers, a necessary personal contribution is required in order to avoid market distortions.

effect

Participants in a job opportunity are not counted in the unemployment statistics for the duration of the grant.

Criticism and discussion

In particular, the use of work opportunities without regular pay is controversial from a socio-political point of view; the points of criticism arise from the designation of € 1 jobs .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ For the history cf. Wolfgang Ayaß : Compulsory work and care work. On the history of “help with work” outside of institutions , in: Frankfurter Arbeitslosenzentrum - FALZ (ed.), Labor Service - acceptable again? Forced to work in history and the welfare state, Frankfurt / M. 1998, pp. 56-79.
  2. ↑ A mandatory requirement is long-term unemployment and failed preliminary efforts according to Section 16e Paragraph 1 No. 1 and 2 SGB II
  3. ↑ BMAS ( Memento from October 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ IAB study on Swiss labor market policy, p. 67 (PDF; 825 kB)
  5. ^ Federal Ministry there: Labor market policy in Austria 2003, p. 20
  6. ↑ z. B. Work opportunity with additional expense allowance according to Section 16d SGB ​​II or in the case of employment promotion benefits according to Section 16e, Paragraph 1 SGB II
  7. ↑ Job opportunities according to Section 16d SGB II