Work process
The work process is primarily used to describe the division of labor process for the production of goods or services , in which several producers with different services and functions work together in close cooperation .
Although people already knew in antiquity ( pyramid ) and medieval (construction of cathedrals ) division of labor work processes, but only with the development of factories and factories in the industrialization was the labor disassembled, dispositive and procedural toward a common product merged work the dominant mode of production.
Manual work process
In the work process of the manual production method, the craftsman processes a work item (e.g. wood, stone, metal) either holistically or in a division of labor in larger production steps with manually operated tools to create a new product (e.g. chair, vessel, carriage). Its final shape is the result of physical strength, experience and skill.
Industrial work process
The industrial work process is based on a work breakdown conceived by engineers and ergonomists into many small individual tasks, which are carried out successively by operational workers with the help of (tool and transfer) machines, with the aim of producing a common end product. The industrial sociologists Horst Kern and Michael Schumann see an extreme and inhumane increase in the decomposition of work in the "repetitive partial work", which was particularly widespread in Taylorism and Fordism .
Working process in the tertiary sector
Even in the non-industrial (service, consulting and service) sectors, products are manufactured using processes based on the division of labor (e.g. menus, films, advertising material, financial services).
See also
literature
- Harry Braverman : Working in the modern production process . Campus, Frankfurt am Main 1977. - ISBN 3-593-32225-0
Individual evidence
- ^ Horst Kern / Michael Schumann: Industrial work and worker consciousness . EVA, Frankfurt am Main 1970, part II, p. 44.