Arrapcha

Arrapcha or Arrapḫa was a Late Bronze Age Hurrian kingdom in northern Iraq . The capital of the same name was Arrapḫa, in Greek Arrapaxitis, today Kirkuk .

Geographical location

Today's Kirkuk is at the coordinates 35 28´ 05.16 north and 44 23 43. 08 east longitude. On the left side of the Hasse River, which divides the city of Kirkuk in half, is the old Arrapha - today's Arrapha district. Arrapha Kirkuk is located south of the smaller Zab and east of the central Tigris in what is now Iraq. The Nuzi archives provide good information on the Arrapḫa economy. Coordinates: 35 ° 28 '13.2 " N , 44 ° 23' 44.9" E35.470338 44.395804

Arrapḫa

Iraq

history

"The city of Kirkuk, east of the Middle Tigris, known today for its oil wealth, looks back on a diverse and far-reaching history. According to the current state of research, its historical roots can be traced back to the time of the third king of the early III period Amar-suena (25th des Month Ezen-Ninazu (v) of the 5th year of reign 2031 BC). However, our current knowledge does not come from a systematic excavation of the village itself, rather it is the result of the evaluation of cuneiform texts on Arrapḫa, which up to on the Kirkuktafeln from the 15th-14th century BC come from external archives ".

Slaves from Arrapḫa are known from ancient Babylonian times . King Šamšu-iluna forbade the purchase of slaves from Arrap ,a because they had been robbed by the Sutī . Anyone who bought a resident of Arrapḫa from the Sutī should lose their money.

Arrapḫa was conquered by Tukulti-Ninurta I around 1240 .

From the 13th to the 7th century BC The city developed well under the Assyrians. For example, weavers from Arrapḫa in the harem of the Assyrian king in Nineveh have been handed down .

The city was on the route of the Assyrian campaigns against Urartu and other northern countries. The campaign of Nabopolassar from 609 to 607 BC against Urartu via Arrapḫa, Erbil , Nisibis , Mardin and the Tur Abdin also took place . After the fall of the Assyrian Empire, the Medes and after them the Achaemenids ruled the city.

Ruler

None of the rulers can yet be absolutely dated, the synchronisms are mostly rather doubtful.

Kipi-Teššup
Itḫi-Teššup (Itḫia = short form), son of Kipi-Teššup
Itḫi-tilla
Mušteja
Šar-Teššup

possibly also

Tarmi-Teššup
Aršali

literature

Asoss M. Qader: Arrapha (Kirkuk) from the beginnings to 1340 BC According to cuneiform sources. Wuerzburg 2013.
Gernot Wilhelm : Basics of the history and culture of the Hurriter . Darmstadt 1982.
Martha A. Morrison: The Eastern archives of Nuzi. Excavations at Nuzi 9/2 . Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake 1993 ( Studies on the civilization and culture of Nuzi and the Hurrians Vol. 4).
Abdulillah Fadhil: Studies on the Topography and Prosopography of the Provincial Cities of the Kingdom of Arrapha: Fifty Selected URU Toponyms . P. von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein 1983 ( Baghdader Research Vol. 6).

NB Jankowska: Communal self-government and the King of the state of Arrapḫa . In: Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient Vol. 12/3, 1969, pp. 233-282.

Walter Mayer: Nuzi studies I. The archives of the palace and the prosopography of the professions . Neukirchener Verlag, Neukirchen / Vlyn 1978 ( Old Orient and Old Testament Vol. 205/1).

supporting documents

↑ Asoss M. Qader: Arrapha Kirkuk from the beginnings to 1340 BC. BC according to cuneiform sources. 2013, accessed on June 17, 2019 (German).
↑ Asoss M. Qader: Arrapha Kirkuk from the beginnings to 1340 BC. According to cuneiform sources . Würzburg 2013, p. 16 .
↑ Asoss M. Qader: Arrapha Kirkuk from the beginnings to 1340 BC. According to cuneiform sources . Online version, Würzburg 2013, p. 13 ( academia.edu [accessed June 17, 2019]).
^ WF Leemans, Foreign trade in the Old Babylonian period as revealed by texts from southern Mesopotamia. Studia et documenta ad iura Orientis antiqui pertinentia 6. Leiden: EJ Brill, 1960
^ FM Fales, JN Postgate: Imerial administrative records, Part I. palace and temple Administration . Helsinki University Press, Helsinki 1992 ( State Archives of Assyria Vol. 7), p. 32.
^ Walter Mayer: Nuzi studies I. The archives of the palace and the prosopography of the professions . Neukirchen_Vlyn, Neukirchener Verlag 1978 ( Old Orient and Old Testament 205/1), p. 109.

[1] Asoss M. Qader: Arrapha Kirkuk from the beginnings to 1340 BC. BC according to cuneiform sources. 2013, accessed on June 17, 2019 (German).

[2] Asoss M. Qader: Arrapha Kirkuk from the beginnings to 1340 BC. According to cuneiform sources . Würzburg 2013, p. 16 .

[3] Asoss M. Qader: Arrapha Kirkuk from the beginnings to 1340 BC. According to cuneiform sources . Online version, Würzburg 2013, p. 13 ( academia.edu [accessed June 17, 2019]).

[4] WF Leemans, Foreign trade in the Old Babylonian period as revealed by texts from southern Mesopotamia. Studia et documenta ad iura Orientis antiqui pertinentia 6. Leiden: EJ Brill, 1960

[5] FM Fales, JN Postgate: Imerial administrative records, Part I. palace and temple Administration . Helsinki University Press, Helsinki 1992 ( State Archives of Assyria Vol. 7), p. 32.

[6] Walter Mayer: Nuzi studies I. The archives of the palace and the prosopography of the professions . Neukirchen_Vlyn, Neukirchener Verlag 1978 ( Old Orient and Old Testament 205/1), p. 109.