Ur-III period

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The old Orient
The city gate of Nimrud
Timeline based on calibrated C 14 data
Epipalaeolithic 12000-9500 BC Chr.
Kebaria
Natufien
Khiamien
Pre-ceramic Neolithic 9500-6400 BC Chr.
PPNA 9500-8800 BC Chr.
PPNB 8800-7000 BC Chr.
PPNC 7000-6400 BC Chr.
Ceramic Neolithic 6400-5800 BC Chr.
Umm Dabaghiyah culture 6000-5800 BC Chr.
Hassuna culture 5800-5260 BC Chr.
Samarra culture 5500-5000 BC Chr.
Transition to the Chalcolithic 5800-4500 BC Chr.
Halaf culture 5500-5000 BC Chr.
Chalcolithic 4500-3600 BC Chr.
Obed time 5000-4000 BC Chr.
Uruk time 4000-3100 / 3000 BC Chr.
Early Bronze Age 3000-2000 BC Chr.
Jemdet Nasr time 3000-2800 BC Chr.
Early dynasty 2900 / 2800-2340 BC Chr.
Battery life 2340-2200 BC Chr.
New Sumerian / Ur-III period 2340-2000 BC Chr.
Middle Bronze Age 2000-1550 BC Chr.
Isin Larsa Period / Ancient Assyrian Period 2000–1800 BC Chr.
Old Babylonian time 1800–1595 BC Chr.
Late Bronze Age 1550-1150 BC Chr.
Checkout time 1580-1200 BC Chr.
Central Assyrian Period 1400-1000 BC Chr.
Iron age 1150-600 BC Chr.
Isin II time 1160-1026 BC Chr.
Neo-Assyrian time 1000-600 BC Chr.
Neo-Babylonian Period 1025-627 BC Chr.
Late Babylonian Period 626-539 BC Chr.
Achaemenid period 539-330 BC Chr.
Years according to the middle chronology (rounded)
Approximate expansion of the empire of the third dynasty of Ur (2112–2004 BC according to the middle chronology) with the territorial organization of the center and the periphery in Šulgi's reign (2093–2047 BC).

The term Ur-III-Zeit (also 3rd Dynasty of Ur ) describes the last section of Sumerian history ( short chronology : 2048 to 1940 BC or medium chronology: 2112 to 2004 BC). The term is increasingly replacing that of the New Sumerian period , the assumptions on which it is based have been largely rejected since the 1990s.

The Ur III period is the period of the third dynasty of the ancient Sumerian city of Ur . The dynasty was founded by Ur-Nammu . For the first and last time, a large part of the city - state Sumer was united for a long time under Sumerian rule. Since the rulers referred to the ancient Sumerian traditions, the time is also called Sumerian Renaissance . Inside it is characterized by centralization and bureaucratisation, but also by a reform of the law.

Externally, the time was marked by clashes with the Elamites and Guteans from the Iranian highlands in the north and the nomadic peoples on the borders with Sumer. The Sumerian Empire of Ur was subject to a coalition of Elamites and nomadic Amurites . Only Išbi-Erra , a former general of King Ibbi-Sin , was able to drive out the invaders and in turn founded the Isin dynasty .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. in the Levant
  2. a b c d in southern Mesopotamia
  3. a b c in northern Mesopotamia