Ashikpaschazade

Aschikpaschazade ( Turkish Aşıkpaşazade , Ottoman عاشق پاشا زاده 'Āşıḳpaşazāde , full name Dervis Ahmed bin Seyh Yahya bin Seyh Selman bin Bali'Āşıḳ Paşa'm Muhlis Baba am Baba Ilyas ), also known by the nom de plume (Turk. Mahlas ) 'Āşıḳī (also: Âşıkî ) (* probably in 1400 in Elvan Çelebi at Amasya ; † probably shortly after 1484 in Istanbul - according to another view later, in the period up to 1503), was an Ottoman historiographer.

A print of his story tevārīḫ-i Āl-i ʿOsmān

Life

Little reliable data is available about the life of the early Ottoman historian. Most of the information goes back to self-statements ʿĀşıḳpaşazādes from his historical work. Presumably he was born in 1400 as the great-grandson of the poet ʿĀşıḳ Paşa (* allegedly 1221; † November 3, 1332), author of the oldest surviving western Turkish poetry work ġarībnāme , in Elvan Çelebī in Eastern Anatolia. His family was probably well off. As the poet explains in his historical work, he stayed around 1413 due to illness in the house of the historian Yaḫşı Fa umīh in Geve.

In 1437 he apparently took part in Sultan Murāds II's campaign against the Serbs , after he had probably made the pilgrimage to Mecca shortly before . In 1448 he seems to have been one of the participants in the march against Johann Hunyadi . In 1457 ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde was among the guests of the circumcision ceremony of the two Ottoman princes Muṣṭafā and Bāyezīd. It seems certain that ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde was married; his daughter Rābiʾe married the 19-year-old Seyyid-i Vilāyet († 1522) in 1469.

The year of death of ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde is not exactly known, but he himself mentions that he was still working on his history in 1484 at the age of 86 ( Islamic = 83 or 84 Christian) years. He must have died a short time later. His grave was probably located in the small ʿĀşıḳ-Paşa mosque in Istanbul that he donated.

plant

ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde is best known as the author of the historical work named after him, which is led partly under the title menāḳib , partly under the name tevārīḫ-i Āl-i ʿOsmān . It is very likely that ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde is not the author of the entire text. Rather, ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde, according to his own statement, has taken over a large part of the historiographical work Menâkıb-ı Âli-i Osman by Yaḫşı Faḳīh, which has been lost and has only been passed on in this form, in his tevārīḫ .

ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde's chronicle is available in a total of three editions, the first of which is dated 1913 and was obtained by ʿĀlī Bey in Istanbul. There is also the edition published in 1929 under the title Die Altosmanische Chronik des ʿĀşiḳpaşazāde by Friedrich Giese , who also made a German translation of the work under the title Vom Hirtenzelt zur Hohen Pforte . The latest edition is the edition published by Çiftçioğlu N. Atsız in Osmanlı Tarihleri ​​in 1949. A representation of the existing manuscripts of the ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde'schen Chronicle can be found in Franz Babinger .

ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde's chronicle, which covers Ottoman history from the establishment of the Ottoman state to the reign of Mehmed II, is not a historiographical representation of early Ottoman history in the modern sense.

Cemal Kafadar emphasized the character of the work linked to the particular political and social upheavals at the time of its creation. ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde's historical work, which was often used to reconstruct the time when the Ottoman state came into being, particularly when describing the reigns of the first Ottoman rulers tried to present their actions as the deeds of so-called ġāzīs (religious fighters), which he stereotyped as kāfir ( Unbelievers) juxtaposed with the Christian elements of pre- and early Ottoman Anatolia. But even here there are perspective breaks in the historiographical representation, since the passages from earlier historical works that ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde included in his text contain clear indications of forms of cooperation and coexistence between Muslims that are in no way compatible with Islamic religious militancy and the associated ǧihād ideology and non-Muslim groups and individuals. Well aware of such contradictions, ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde enriched his text with numerous lyrical insertions (often of dubious quality), the main function of which was to harmonize the intended historical construction and adopted narrative.

ʿĀşıḳpaşazādes tevārīḫ-i Āl-i ʿOsmān can therefore be read primarily as a document of a political and social dispute, which was triggered by the administrative and personal restructuring of the state initiated by Mehmed II after the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, in the course of which the relatives were of the so-called dervīş-ġāzī milieu by Kafadar were increasingly ousted from important positions in the state by members of former Byzantine elites and thus sidelined. The stereotypical representation of the early Ottoman sultans contrasts ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde with the alleged misconduct of later rulers who strayed from the Islamic path of their glorious ancestors.

“On the other hand, the princes of Persia, who were already uneasy about these wandering shepherds, took their precautions by sending Suleyman Şah Gazi, who was one of the heads of these wandering shepherds, to him, they gave him 50,000 tents of Turkmen and Tatars and said: 'Go there and lead the religious battle in Rum! '”(From the chapter:“ From which country the Osman Gazi family comes from, how it came to rule and why it came here to the land of Rum ”.)

See also

• List of Ottoman chroniclers
• List of Ottoman titles

literature

• Franz Babinger : The historians of the Ottomans and their works . Leipzig 1927, p. 35-38 .
• Hans Joachim Kissling: The language of ʻAšikpašazāde. A study of the Ottoman-Turkish language history. Straub, 1936.
• Cemal Kafadar: Between two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State . Berkeley et al. 1955.
• Franz Taeschner : ʿ Āshik-Pasha-Zāde . In: HAR Gibb et al. (Ed.): The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition . tape 1 . Leiden 1960, p. 699 .
• Josef Matuz: Aşık Pascha Zade, Derviş Ahmed . In: Biographical Lexicon on the History of Southeast Europe . Volume 1, Munich 1974, p. 105.
• Murat Cem Mengüç: The Türk in Aşıkpaşazâde: A Private Individual's Ottoman History. In: Osmanlı Araştırmaları - The Journal of Ottoman Studies. Volume 44, 2014, pp. 45-66 (online)

Web links

• İbrahim Kaya Şahin: Âşıkpaşa-zâde as historian: a study on the Tevârîh-i Âl-i Osman. Dissertation. Istanbul 2002. Visited May 15, 2008.

Remarks

1. ↑ ^{a b} Franz Taeschner: ʿĀshik-Pasha-Zāde. 1960, p. 699.
2. ↑ Dervish Ahmet-i 'Aşıki (called' Aşık-Paşa-Son): Menakıb u tevarih-i 'Al-i' Osman (Memories and Times of the House of Osman). In: Richard Franz Kreutel (publisher / worker): From the shepherd's tent to the high gate . (= Ottoman historians. Volume 3). Graz 1959, p. 121.
3. ^ ^{A b} Franz Babinger: The historians of the Ottomans and their works. 1927, p. 36.
4. ^ Franz Babinger: The historians of the Ottomans and their works. 1927, pp. 35-36.
5. ↑ Cemal Kafadar: Between two Worlds. 1955, p. 99f.
6. ↑ Dervish Ahmet-i 'Aşıki (called' Aşık-Paşa-Son): Menakıb u tevarih-i 'Al-i' Osman (Memories and Times of the House of Osman). In: Richard Franz Kreutel (publisher / worker): From the shepherd's tent to the high gate . (= Ottoman historians. Volume 3). Graz 1959, p. 17f u. 121
7. ↑ ʿĀşıḳpaşazāde: The old Ottoman chronicle of 'Ašiḳpaşazāde . Ed .: Friedrich Giese. Harrassowitz, Leipzig 1929. (New edition: Otto Zeiler Verlag, Osnabrück 1972, ISBN 3-535-01313-5 )
8. ↑ Dervish Ahmet-i 'Aşıki (called' Aşık-Paşa-Son): Menakıb u tevarih-i 'Al-i' Osman (Memories and Times of the House of Osman). In: Richard Franz Kreutel (publisher / worker): From the shepherd's tent to the high gate . (= Ottoman historians. Volume 3). Graz 1959.
9. ^ Franz Babinger: The historians of the Ottomans and their works. 1927, pp. 37-38.
10. ↑ On the perspective problem cf. Cemal Kafadar: Between two Worlds. 1955, p. 96ff.
11. ↑ Stefan Schreiner (Ed.): The Ottomans in Europe. Memories and reports by Turkish historians. Verlag Styria, Graz / Vienna / Cologne 1985, ISBN 3-222-11589-3 . Based on Richard Franz Kreutel (translator): Memories and times of the Osman House, by Dervish Ahmed, called Aşık-Paşa-Son. (= Ottoman historians ) 10 volumes. Verlag Styria, Graz / Vienna / Cologne 1955–1981, p. 14.