Audiatur et altera pars

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Plaque to warn the judges in the Friedenssaal of the town hall in Münster (Westphalia)

Audiatur et altera pars ( Latin for “The other part will also be heard” or “The other side will also be heard”) is a principle of Roman law . It stands for the right to be heard . The principle means that the judge has to hear everyone involved in the process before giving his judgment.

history

According to biblical tradition, the application is already described in the Acts of the Apostles of Luke ( Acts 25,16  EU ). The story can be dated to around the year 60 AD , so it also shows its use in ancient jurisprudence, if not beyond. Audiatur et altera pars was already laid out as a principle in Greek law . Judges had to recognize it, according to tradition by the Stoic Seneca , as an oath; Seneca had incorporated the phrase in the Medea .

"Qui statuit aliquid parte inaudita altera,
aequum licet statuerit, haud aequus fuit."

"Anyone who passes a judgment without hearing the second page
is unjust if he also passed a just judgment."

- Sen. Med. 199-200

In German law, this idea is reflected in the legal proverb from the Middle Ages : "A man's speech is only half the speech, it should be heard cheaply".

Modern legal systems articulate audiatur et altera pars as a central procedural fundamental right .

Germany

In Germany , audiatur et altera pars is embedded as a fundamental procedural right and is reflected in Article 103, Paragraph 1 of the Basic Law : "In court, everyone has the right to be heard."

According to the established case law of the Federal Constitutional Court , the right to be heard consists of the following elements: Everyone must actually be heard in court by the judge, who must actually and legally consider what has been said in his decision. In addition, the parties involved in the proceedings must be put in a position through judicial information to be able to align their submissions to the current facts.

The right to be heard is inseparable from the fundamental procedural right of guarantee of legal recourse , i.e. access to judicial control: anyone who has formally passed the court portal should also be given a substantive legal hearing in the process.

Media law

The press law entitlement to reprint a reply in Germany can also be traced back to this legal principle. It is regulated by the right of rejection in accordance with the state press laws , which originally go back to Section 11 of the Reichspreßgesetz.

literature

  • Hans Martin Pawlowski : Methodology for Jurists: Theory of Norm and Law. A textbook. , CF Müller, Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 3-8114-6799-9 , p. 436 f.
  • Andreas Wacke : Audiatur et altera pars. To the right to be heard in Roman civil and criminal proceedings. In: Martin Josef Schermaier (Ed.): Ars boni et aequi. Festschrift for Wolfgang Waldstein on his 65th birthday. Steiner, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-515-06022-7 , pp. 369-399.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Franciszek Longchamps de Bérier: Audiatur et altera pars . A missing column inscription on the Warsaw Palace of Justice and the importance of parromy in Polish law. In: Jan Hallebeek, Martin Schermaier, Roberto Fior, Ernest Metzger, Jean-Pierre Coriat (eds.): Inter cives necnon peregrinos . Essays in honor of Boudewijn Sirks. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8471-0302-8 , pp. 434 ( limited preview in Google Book Search - eng.).
  2. ↑ Franciszek Longchamps de Berier: Audiatur alteram partem . A missing column inscription on the Warsaw Palace of Justice and the importance of parromy in Polish law. In: Jan Hallebeek, Martin Schermaier, Roberto Fior, Ernest Metzger, Jean-Pierre Coriat (eds.): Inter cives necnon peregrinos . Essays in honor of Boudewijn Sirks. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8471-0302-8 , pp. 435-438 ( limited preview in Google Book Search - eng.).
  3. ↑ Seneca: Medea 2, 2, lines 199f (ed. O. Zwierlein: Tragoediae incertorum auctorum Hercules Octavia, Oxford 1986, pp. 123–161, here: p. 132): Qui statuit aliquid parte inaudita altera, / aequum licet statuerit, haud aequus fuit. , also mentioned in Augustine . See Augustinus: De duabus animabus 22/78 , 21: Audi partem alteram.
  4. ↑ Martin Kriele : Introduction to the theory of the state . 5th edition, Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1994, ISBN 3-531-12564-8 , p. 238.
  5. ↑ Franciszek Longchamps de Berier: Audiatur alteram partem . A missing column inscription on the Warsaw Palace of Justice and the importance of parromy in Polish law. In: Jan Hallebeek, Martin Schermaier, Roberto Fior, Ernest Metzger, Jean-Pierre Coriat (eds.): Inter cives necnon peregrinos . Essays in honor of Boudewijn Sirks. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2014, ISBN 978-3-8471-0302-8 , pp. 439 ( limited preview in Google Book Search - eng.).
  6. ↑ cf. BVerfG only, decision of May 17, 1983, Az. 2 BvR 731/80, BVerfGE, 64 135, 143 = guiding principle ; BVerfG, decision of April 2, 2015, Az. 1 BvR 470/15, full text .
  7. ↑ Alexander Mahlke: Design framework for the right of reply using the example of the Internet . Tenea Verlag Ltd. Bristol, Germany branch, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-86504-131-0 , p. 18 ( limited preview in the Google book search - also dissertation University of Rostock).
  8. ↑ Hans Kolb : The right to reply under press law and its generalization . In: Karl August Bettermann, Ernst E. Hirisch, Peter Lerche (eds.): Berlin treatises on press law . Issue No. 5. Duncker et al. Humblot, Berlin 1966, p. 93 ( limited preview in Google Book search).