Recording area
In stereo recording technology, the recording area of the microphone system is the recording cone in which the sound sources are located and which is mapped onto the generated stereo base of the stereo loudspeakers during playback .
With stereo playback, the recording area becomes the maximum stereo stage (so-called imaging area ) between the speakers. - To illustrate, the detection cone of the microphones can be analogized with the variably adjustable headlight cones of a theater stage, whereby the microphones (with their specific directional characteristics ) act as 'auditory headlights'.
The axis angle (phase rotation in angular degrees ) between the microphones and the respective directional characteristic changes the level difference Δ L depending on the angle of sound incidence and the microphone base (distance between the microphone membranes) changes the transit time difference Δ t depending on the angle of sound incidence.
The recording area perceived during playback 'shrinks' both when the distance between the microphone diaphragms increases and the delay time difference increases , and when their axis angle increases, phase rotation , and vice versa (increasing the distance and axis angle leads to a subjective 'reduction' of the recording area).
The pick-up area of a microphone system can be calculated or looked up.
calculation
To calculate the direction of the auditory event for equivalence stereophony , the recording area can be determined with the Excel program.
In this context, reference is often made to the Williams curves , which rely on slightly different psychoacoustic calculated values for the transit time difference Δ t and the level difference Δ L , which were found with Maracas clicks and speech signals in the anechoic room.
See also
- Expansion area
- Runtime stereophony
- Intensity stereophony
- Equivalence stereophony
- microphone
- ORTF stereo system
- NOS stereo system
- Decca Tree
- Interchannel
- Distance law
- Audio event direction
- List of audio terms
literature
- Michael Dickreiter, Volker Dittel, Wolfgang Hoeg, Martin Wöhr (eds.): Handbuch der Tonstudiotechnik , 8th, revised and expanded edition, 2 volumes, publisher: Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston, 2014, ISBN 978-3-11- 028978-7 or e- ISBN 978-3-11-031650-6
- Thomas Görne: Sound engineering. Fachbuchverlag Leipzig in Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich et al. 2006, ISBN 3-446-40198-9 .
- Thomas Görne: Microphones in theory and practice. 8th edition, Elektor-Verlag, Aachen 2007, ISBN 978-3-89576-189-8
Web links
- Torch and recording area , sengpielaudio.com (PDF; 218 kB)
- Well-known stereo microphone systems and their angles (recording range and axis angle) , sengpielaudio.com (PDF; 34 kB)
- Recording area and display width for runtime stereophony , sengpielaudio.com (PDF; 125 kB)
- Recording area and image width for "intensity" stereophony , sengpielaudio.com (PDF; 190 kB)
- The "invisible" recording area of microphone systems , sengpielaudio.com (PDF; 90 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The recording area, important calculated values (PDF; 34 kB)
- ↑ Recording area curves (kidneys) , sengpielaudio.com (PDF; 290 kB)
- ↑ Recording area important values , sengpielaudio.com (PDF; 67 kB)
- ↑ Direction of hearing events - equivalent microphones, sengpielaudio.com ( MS Excel ; 26 kB)