Revolt of the Eight Trigrams
The uprising of the Eight Trigrams was an uprising of the underground religious sect of the Eight Trigrams against the Qing Dynasty ruling in the Chinese Empire in September and October 1813. The uprising began with an attack by a small group of sectarians on the Forbidden City and mobilized in his Tens of thousands of peasants turned against the government.
Eight trigrams sect
The origin of the sect is located south of Beijing in northern China. The name of the sect is derived from the eight oracle signs of the I Ching . At the center of the movement's religious conception was the ancient mother figure Wusheng Laomu , who is known from Chinese folk beliefs . This will trigger an apocalypse , but save its followers through the sending of the Maitreya Buddha and redeem through the apocalypse. The ideology of the eight trigrams is often referred to as a secession from the White Lotus Movement . The sect's leaders used the post-apocalypse image of paradise to call for an uprising and preached that the end of the world must be brought about by the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty.
The forbidden sect operated like a secret society . She was able to win over numerous poor farmers by giving them food for their purposes.
The sect was led by three leaders. Lin Qing was a man with an unsteady lifestyle who, after doing various jobs, settled as a religious leader in a village in southern China. Feng Ke-shan was a martial artist among the recruits from the border area between Shandong , Henan and Zhili provinces . Li Wen-cheng was a religious sect leader who had a network of followers in Henan and Shandong.
course
On September 15, around 200 followers of the sect tried. The assassins gathered in front of the east and west gates and tried to penetrate the closed palace area at the same time. Only a handful were successful at the east gate. At the west gate, around 70 were able to penetrate into the Forbidden City. The intruders made their way to the emperor's residence, but were quickly separated from each other by the palace guards and, without exception, killed or captured. The then Prince Mining and later Emperor Daoguang took part in the fighting and, according to the authorities, killed two of the attackers.
The Qing authorities anticipated the attack but could not prevent it. Due to the security measures, the sect postponed the day of the attack several times. The Qing authorities failed to detain a cult member prior to the attack.
After the attack, there was an uprising of cult supporters in the country. The fighters of the sect also acted very brutally against the civilian population. According to estimates, the uprising and its suppression cost around 70,000 lives. Other than control of a few villages in northern China, the rebels achieved no significant military success and were quickly dispersed by the Qing Dynasty military. The Manchuadl Nayancheng had the command of the emperor Jiaqing in the suppression of the insurgents .
consequences
The revolt is often seen as the precursor to the Taiping Rebellion . In Chinese historiography, the episode is ascribed a personality-shaping effect for the later Emperor Daoguang. The personal threat has in him an aversion to the state people of the Han Chinese .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Xiaobing Li: China at War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, 2012, p. 111
- ↑ Hong Beom Rhee: Asian Millenarianism: An Interdisciplinary Study of the Taiping and Tongha Rebellions in a Global Context. Youngstown, 2007, pp. 74f
- ^ A b Claude Emerson Welch: Anatomy of Rebellion. Albany, 1980, pp. 208, p. 358
- ↑ Joseph W. Esherick: The Origins of the Boxer Uprising. Berkeley, 1987, pp. 44f
- ↑ Jeroen Duindam, Sabine Dabringhaus: The Dynastic Center and the Province: Agents and Interactions. Leiden, 2014, p. 72
literature
- Susan Naquin: Chinese Millenarianism: The Eight Trigrams Rebellion of 1813. New Haven, 1976