Baduhenna

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Baduhenna is a Germanic goddess of the Frisians , who had dedicated a grove to her.

The only ancient source that mentions this name is Tacitus , who reports that a Roman unit with 900 legionnaires was destroyed by the Frisians near this grove in 28 AD.

"Mox compertum a transfugis nongentos Romanorum apud lucum, quern Baduhennae vocant, pugna in posterum extracta confectos, et aliam quadringentorum manum occupata Cruptorigis quondam stipendiari villa, postquam proditio metuebatur, mutuis ictibus procubuisse."

"Later it was learned from defectors that 900 Romans had been rubbed up in a grove which they attribute to the Baduhenna after a fight that continued for the following day, and that another 400 men took over the estate of Cruptorix, a former mercenary , had occupied, for fear of betrayal killed each other. "

- Tacitus, annales 4, 73.

Since Karl Müllenhoff , the first link of the name, Bad- , is put to Germanic * badwa- = fight . The second term is compared with the frequent ending -henae as in the goddess Nehalennia and in the matron names . Therefore the function of the goddess is interpreted as a battle or war goddess. In the figure of Baduhenna there is probably a reference in the name to the medieval-traditional Celtic-Old Irish Bodb . In particular, the recent research results ( Peter Schrijver , Lauran Toorians ) on Celtic language classes in the Netherlands ( substrates ) have an influence on regional Germanic name formation, or the goddess could represent a possible early form of the Bodb. Scheungraber reconstructs a Celtic model of the loan level for Baduhenna from Celtic * Bodu (c) enna- = battle goddess .

See also

literature

swell

Research literature

  • Karl Helm : Old Germanic history of religion. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 1913, p. 303f.
  • Günter Neumann : Germanic goddesses in Latin texts. In: onenological information . 83/84, 2003, pp. 41-54. Again in: Heinrich Hettrich, Astrid van Nahl (Hrsg.): Günter Neumann: Name studies on the Old Germanic. (= Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde - supplementary volumes . 59). de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2008, ISBN 978-3-11-020100-0 , pp. 226-237. ( Fee Germanic Altertumskunde Online at de Gruyter ).
  • Corinna Scheungraber: The complex suffixes of the Rhenish matron names - language and cultural contact between Germans, Celts and Romans on the Rhine. In: Hermann Reichert, Corinna Scheungraber (Hrsg.): Germanic antiquity: sources, methods, results. Files from the symposium on the occasion of Rudolf Much's 150th birthday. (= Philologica Germanica . 35). Fassbaender, Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3-902575-63-0 , pp. 239-253.
  • Corinna Scheungraber: Baduhenna - Celtic goddess in Germanic garb? In: Elisabeth Gruber, Irina Windhaber (eds.): Conference files of the section "Onomastics and Historical-Comparative Linguistics" of the 39th Austrian Linguistics Conference (October 26-28, 2012 ).
  • Rudolf Simek : Lexicon of Germanic Mythology (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 368). 3rd, completely revised edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-36803-X , p. 35.
  • Jan de Vries : Old Germanic history of religion . Volume 2., 3., unchanged. Edition. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1970, ISBN 3-11-085519-4 , p. 318.

Web links

Corinna Scheungraber: Research report "Old Germanic theonyms": On the Germanization of Celtic god names

Remarks

  1. ^ Karl Müllenhoff: Corrupted names in Tacitus. In: Journal for German antiquity . 9, 1853, pp. 240f.