Barschalk
Under Barschalken (as Parscalk , free people or lat. Barscalco referred, in the areas of northern Germany Israel ) was understood in the Carolingian period and even in the 10th and 11th centuries of inferior or semi-free persons who have personally free (legal and assets capable) , but were subject to service and interest, tied to the floe and without political rights. The name is probably derived from the Old High German scalch (= servant, slave) and from bar (= free, only).
Barschalken were socially located between the free and the unfree . They could be sold with the hoof they were sitting on. A social rise from unfree to freed and liberated and in the next generation to barschalk was possible over three generations.
The name can be found in the areas of old Bavaria and in the adjacent areas of Austria . The Barschalken assumed a similar position as the Roman colonists or builders, which is why remnants of the Roman population are sometimes seen in the Barschalken.
This designation was also included in various place names (e.g. Parscalchisdorf, Parscalchisriet, Parscalchishouba), today the Munich district of Freimann still reminds of this population group, as does the Parschallen district of Nussdorf am Attersee . The family name Parschalk can also be traced back to the same etymology.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alfons Dopsch : Rule and peasant in the German imperial era: Investigations into the agricultural and social history of the high Middle Ages with special consideration of the south-east German area. 2nd Edition. Lucius & Lucius, 1964, ISBN 3-8282-5058-0 , pp. 43f.
- ↑ Achim Masser: The Latin-Old High German Benedictine Rule, St. Gallen Abbey Library Cod. 916 . (= Studies on Old High German). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1997, ISBN 3-525-20348-9 .
- ^ Documents on Buchner's history of Bavaria. Documents of the first book with a map of Bavaria under the Romans: Documents, 1. Lindauer, Munich 1832, p. 221
- ^ Heinrich Zschokke: Bavarian stories: First and second book, volume 1. Sauerländer, 1813.